依赖属性

WPF中的用户控件一般结合依赖属性使用，从而让用户在使用控件的时候可以给控件的属性自由赋值，下面就用一个简单的自定义按钮实例来说明其用法。

1、新建项目，选择"WPF用户控件库"。

2、定义一个按钮类，新建三个依赖属性：ImageSourceNormal、ImageSourceMouseOver、ImageSourcePress，分别描述按钮在正常状态、鼠标经过、鼠标按下时显示的图片。

1. namespace MyControl
2. {
3.     /// <summary>
4.     /// 自定义按钮的分部类
5.     /// </summary>
6.     partial class UserButton : UserControl
7.     {
8.         #region 正常状态下显示的背景图片
9.         public ImageSource ImageSourceNormal
10.         {
11.             get { return (ImageSource)GetValue(ImageSourceNormalProperty); }
12.             set { SetValue(ImageSourceNormalProperty, value); }
13.         }
14.  
15.         public static readonly DependencyProperty ImageSourceNormalProperty =
16.             DependencyProperty.Register("ImageSourceNormal", typeof(ImageSource), typeof(UserButton),
17.             new PropertyMetadata(new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/MyControl;component/Images/1.bmp"))));
18.         #endregion
19.  
20.         #region 鼠标经过时显示的背景图片
21.         public ImageSource ImageSourceMouseOver
22.         {
23.             get { return (ImageSource)GetValue(ImageSourceMouseOverProperty); }
24.             set { SetValue(ImageSourceMouseOverProperty, value); }
25.         }
26.  
27.         public static readonly DependencyProperty ImageSourceMouseOverProperty =
28.             DependencyProperty.Register("ImageSourceMouseOver", typeof(ImageSource), typeof(UserButton),
29.             new PropertyMetadata(new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/MyControl;component/Images/2.bmp"))));
30.         #endregion
31.  
32.         #region 鼠标按下时显示的背景图片
33.         public ImageSource ImageSourcePress
34.         {
35.             get { return (ImageSource)GetValue(ImageSourcePressProperty); }
36.             set { SetValue(ImageSourcePressProperty, value); }
37.         }
38.  
39.         public static readonly DependencyProperty ImageSourcePressProperty =
40.             DependencyProperty.Register("ImageSourcePress", typeof(ImageSource), typeof(UserButton),
41.             new PropertyMetadata(new BitmapImage(new Uri("pack://application:,,,/MyControl;component/Images/3.bmp"))));
42.         #endregion
43.     }
44. }

 

3、在xaml文件里定义按钮的模板样式

1. <UserControl x:Class="MyControl.UserButton"
2.              xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
3.              xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
4.              xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
5.              xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
6.              mc:Ignorable="d"
7.              d:DesignHeight="23" Width="72">
8.     <Grid>
9.         <Button Width="72" Height="23">
10.             <Button.Template>
11.                 <ControlTemplate TargetType="Button">
12.                     <Border x:Name="border" BorderBrush="Blue" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="3,3,3,3">
13.                         <Border.Background>
14.                             <ImageBrush ImageSource="{Binding ImageSourceNormal}"></ImageBrush>
15.                         </Border.Background>
16.                     </Border>
17.                     <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
18.                         <Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
19.                             <Setter TargetName="border" Property="Background">
20.                                 <Setter.Value>
21.                                     <ImageBrush ImageSource="{Binding ImageSourceMouseOver}"></ImageBrush>
22.                                 </Setter.Value>
23.                             </Setter>
24.                         </Trigger>
25.                         <Trigger Property="IsPressed" Value="True">
26.                             <Setter TargetName="border" Property="Background">
27.                                 <Setter.Value>
28.                                     <ImageBrush ImageSource="{Binding ImageSourcePress}"></ImageBrush>
29.                                 </Setter.Value>
30.                             </Setter>
31.                         </Trigger>
32.                     </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
33.                 </ControlTemplate>
34.             </Button.Template>
35.         </Button>
36.     </Grid>
37. </UserControl>

 

4、在cs文件里定义上下文

1. namespace MyControl
2. {
3.     /// <summary>
4.     /// UserButton.xaml 的交互逻辑
5.     /// </summary>
6.     public partial class UserButton : UserControl
7.     {
8.         public UserButton()
9.         {
10.             InitializeComponent();
11.  
12.             this.DataContext = this;
13.         }
14.     }
15. }

5、编译用户控件库，生成MyControl.dll。

6、新建项目，选择"WPF 应用程序"。

7、在xaml中引用MyControl命名空间，注意得在引用命名空间的字符串里加上程序集的名称

1. <Window x:Class="WpfApplication1.MainWindow"
2.         xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
3.         xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
4.         xmlns:mc="clr-namespace:MyControl;assembly=MyControl"
5.         Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
6.     <Grid>
7.         <mc:UserButton Margin="222,112,223,181"></mc:UserButton>
8.         <mc:UserButton ImageSourceNormal=".\Images\10.bmp"
9.                        ImageSourceMouseOver=".\Images\11.bmp"
10.                        ImageSourcePress=".\Images\12.bmp"
11.                        Margin="222,189,223,102"></mc:UserButton>
12.     </Grid>
13. </Window>

8、运行程序，就可以看到两个用户控件的效果，第一个显示的默认属性，第二个显示的是指定的属性。