Java 创建对象的四种方法：new；反射；克隆；反序列化

Java 创建对象的四种方法

一、使用 new 关键字创建 Animal 对象

Animal.java

public class Animal {
    private String name;

    public Animal(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void speak() {
        System.out.println("I am an animal named " + name);
    }
}

NewMethod.java

/**
 * 使用 new 关键字创建 Animal 对象
 */
public class NewMethod {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Animal myAnimal = new Animal("Tom");
        myAnimal.speak();
    }
}

二、使用反射机制创建对象

Animal.java

public class Animal {
    private String name;

    public Animal(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void speak() {
        System.out.println("I am an animal named " + name);
    }
}

ReflectMethod.java

/**
 * 使用反射方法创建对象
 */
public class ReflectMethod {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
        Class<?> animalClass = Class.forName("com.aaaMyNote.createObject.Animal");
        Constructor<?> constructor = animalClass.getConstructor(String.class);
        Animal animal = (Animal) constructor.newInstance("bob");
        animal.speak();
    }
}

三、使用对象的克隆创建对象

Animal.java
要实现 Cloneable 接口，并重写 clone 方法

public class Animal implements Cloneable {
    private String name;

    public Animal(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void speak() {
        System.out.println("I am an animal named " + name);
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}

CloneMethod.java

/**
 * 使用对象的克隆创建对象
 */
public class CloneMethod {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Animal animal = new Animal("Bob");
        Animal cloneAnimal = (Animal) animal.clone();
        cloneAnimal.speak();
    }
}

四、使用反序列化方法创建对象

Animal.java
要实现 Serializable 接口

public class Animal implements Cloneable, Serializable {
    private String name;

    public Animal(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void speak() {
        System.out.println("I am an animal named " + name);
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}

DeserializeMethod.java

/**
 * 使用反序列化方法创建对象
 */
public class DeserializeMethod {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 序列化对象
        serializeObject();

        // 反序列化对象
        deserializeObject();
    }

    /**
     * 先使用 ObjectOutputStream 对象将对象序列化为字节流，
     * 然后再使用 FileOutputStream 将字节流写入到文件中。
     * 这样的顺序是因为我们首先需要将对象转换为字节流，然后再将字节流写入文件。
     */
    private static void serializeObject() {
        Animal animal = new Animal("Bob");
        try {
            // 将字节流写入到文件中
            FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream("animal.ser");
            // 将对象序列化为字节流
            ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(fileOutputStream);
            objectOutputStream.writeObject(animal);
            objectOutputStream.close();
            fileOutputStream.close();
            System.out.println("Animal 对象已被序列化");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static void deserializeObject() {
        try {
            FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream("animal.ser");
            ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(fileInputStream);
            Animal deserializedAnimal = (Animal) objectInputStream.readObject();
            objectInputStream.close();
            fileInputStream.close();
            System.out.println("Animal 对象已被反序列化");
            deserializedAnimal.speak();
        } catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}