Servlet

Servlet

Servlet的生命周期
1、从第一次调用到服务器关闭。
2、如果Servlet在web.xml中配置了load-on-startup,生命周期为从服务器启动到服务器关闭。
注意：
init方法是对Servlet进行初始化的一个方法，会在Servlet第一次加载进行存储时执行
destory方法是在Servlet被销毁时执行，也就是服务器关闭时。
代码示例：

public class ServletLife extends HttpServlet {
	
	//第一次加载时会执行
	@Override
	public void init() throws ServletException {
		System.out.println("Servlet初始化完成");
	}
	
	//每次加载都会执行
	@Override
	protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		resp.getWriter().write("Servlet life");
		System.out.println("Servlet life");
	}
	
	@Override
	public void destroy() {
		System.out.println("我被销毁了......");
	}

}

运行结果：
第一次运行

第一次以上运行

Servlet中的四个对象：ServletConfig、ServletContext，request、response
1、ServletConfig

		/**
		 * ServletConfig Servlet配置
		 */
		System.out.println("ServletConfig....................");
		//获取InitParameter
		ServletConfig sc = this.getServletConfig();
		System.out.println(sc.getInitParameter("username"));
		//InitParameterNames
		Enumeration<String> e = sc.getInitParameterNames();
		while(e.hasMoreElements()){
			String key = e.nextElement();//name
			String val = sc.getInitParameter(key);//value
			System.out.println(key+"="+val);
		}
		//ServletName
		String str = this.getServletConfig().getServletName();
		System.out.println(str);
		System.out.println(this.getServletName());
		System.out.println("..........................");

运行结果：

2、ServletContext

		/**
		 * ServletContext Servlet环境
		 */
		System.out.println("ServletContext....................");
		ServletContext sct = this.getServletContext();
		//ServletContext sct1 = this.getServletConfig().getServletContext();
		System.out.println("ServletContext = "+sct.getInitParameter("username"));
		Enumeration<String> e2 = sct.getInitParameterNames();
		while(e2.hasMoreElements()){
			String key = e2.nextElement();
			String val = sct.getInitParameter(key);
			System.out.println(key+"="+val);
		}
		System.out.println("..........................");

运行结果：

3、request

		/**
		 * request 请求
		 */
		System.out.println("request....................");
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		System.out.println(request.getParameter("username"));
		System.out.println(request.getParameter("password"));
		System.out.println("uri:  "+request.getRequestURI());//统一资源标识符
		System.out.println("url:  "+request.getRequestURL());//统一资源定位符
		System.out.println("http协议http/1.1:  "+request.getProtocol());
		System.out.println("http:  "+request.getScheme());
		System.out.println("端口:  "+request.getServerPort());
		System.out.println("项目名称ContextPath:  "+request.getContextPath());
		System.out.println("servlet路径ServletContext:  "+request.getServletPath());
		System.out.println("所有请求参数:  "+request.getQueryString());
		System.out.println("远程主机地址:  "+request.getRemoteAddr());
		System.out.println("请求头:  "+request.getHeader("Accept-Language"));
		request.getSession().getAttribute("");
		request.getSession().setAttribute("", "");
		request.setAttribute("", "");

运行结果：

4、response

		/**
		 * response 响应
		 */
		System.out.println(response.getStatus());
		System.out.println("response....................");
		response.setHeader("Refresh", "3");//设置每隔3秒就自动刷新一次
		response.setStatus(302);//状态码302就代表重定向
		response.setHeader("location", "http://www.baidu.com");
		response.sendRedirect("");
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		System.out.println(response.getStatus());

运行结果：