首先看一道面试题:
public class JVM_001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(T.count);
}
}
class T {
public static int count = 2;
public T t = new T();
T() {
count++;
System.out.println("---" + count);
}
}
输出为
"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\bin\java.exe" "
2
Process finished with exit code 0
说明没有调用构造方法,直接输出了静态成员变量count的值2。当把t前面加上static之后
public class JVM_001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(T.count);
}
}
class T {
public static int count = 2;
public static T t = new T();
T() {
count++;
System.out.println("---" + count);
}
}
输出为
"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\bin\java.exe" "
---3
3
Process finished with exit code 0
类变量直接被调用,开始进行初始化。首先来到prepration,静态变量被赋予默认值,count为0,t为null。然后等到initializing的时候,会按照代码顺序,从上往下执行赋予初始值的操作:先把count赋值为2,然后把t赋值为new T(),执行构造方法,count变为3,并打印输出—3。执行完initializing之后,才执行主程序中的打印输出,为3。
如果将类的定义中count和t的顺序换一下,输出会是怎样的呢?
public class JVM_001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(T.count);
}
}
class T {
public static T t = new T();
public static int count = 2;
T() {
count++;
System.out.println("---" + count);
}
}
prepration的时候,二者为null和0,来到initializing,t被赋值为new T(),执行构造方法,count变为1 ,并打印输出—1。然后count才被赋值为2,initializing完成之后执行主程序,输出为2.
"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_144\bin\java.exe" "
---1
2
Process finished with exit code 0