Gurobi 安装到使用教程（2）

1. 基本操作

Gurobi的建模基本概念主要包括：参数（Parameter）和属性（Attributes）两种。前者控制优化器的行为，后者主要是控制模型的特性，包括（模型、变量、约束、目标等对象）。

Python的tuple，list，dictionary在gurobi中都可以使用，但是Gurobi推荐使用自己的Tuplelist和TupleDict，在循环和检索上运算速度更快。

1. tuplelist

Cities= [('A','B'), ('A','C'), ('B','C'),('B','D'),('C','D')] 
Routes = tuplelist(Cities)
# 使用tuplelist() 不能忘记from gurobipy import * 
# tuplelist 增加了快速筛选 select 功能
print(Routes.select('A','*'))
Result=[] 
for i,j in Cities: 
	if i=='A': 
		Result.append((i,j)) 
print(Result)

2） tupledict
Gurobi tupledict –Python Dictionary 扩展
键值为tuple （元组），可以使用 select, sum, prod 函数，用于变量和约束
3） Multidict() 创建 tuplelist 和tupledict 的便捷方法

cities, supply, demand = multidict({ 
	'A': [100, 20], 
	'B': [150, 50], 
	'C': [20, 300], 
	'D': [10, 200]})

3） Gurobi基本建模过程

4） 基本流程代码

m = Model()
# 创建基本模型
m.addVar()
m.addVars()
# 先添加决策变量
m.setObjective()
# 确定目标函数
m.addConstr()
m.addConstrs()
# 添加约束
TupleList,select()
tupledict.prod()
# 乘法
GRB.LESS_EQUAL, GRB.EQUAL, or GRB.GREATER_EQUAL
# 约束的一些操作

2. 基本建模举例

import gurobipy as gp
from gurobipy import GRB

try:

    # Create a new model
    m = gp.Model("mip1")

    # Create variables
    x = m.addVar(vtype=GRB.BINARY, name="x")
    y = m.addVar(vtype=GRB.BINARY, name="y")
    z = m.addVar(vtype=GRB.BINARY, name="z")

    # Set objective
    m.setObjective(x + y + 2 * z, GRB.MAXIMIZE)

    # Add constraint: x + 2 y + 3 z <= 4
    m.addConstr(x + 2 * y + 3 * z <= 4, "c0")

    # Add constraint: x + y >= 1
    m.addConstr(x + y >= 1, "c1")

    # Optimize model
    m.optimize()

    for v in m.getVars():
        print('%s %g' % (v.VarName, v.X))

    print('Obj: %g' % m.ObjVal)

except gp.GurobiError as e:
    print('Error code ' + str(e.errno) + ': ' + str(e))

except AttributeError:
    print('Encountered an attribute error')

2. 营养配方模型
   人体需要四种营养：category : calories, protein, fat, sodium
   食物来源：foods= hamburger, chicken, hot dog, fries, macaroni, pizza, salad, milk, ice cream
   营养吸收每天有上限和下限 单位重量食物价格不同 单位重量食物所含营养成分不同
   求达到足够营养花费的代价最小

import gurobipy as gp
from gurobipy import GRB


# Nutrition guidelines, based on
# USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2005
# http://www.health.gov/DietaryGuidelines/dga2005/

categories, minNutrition, maxNutrition = gp.multidict({
    'calories': [1800, 2200],
    'protein':  [91, GRB.INFINITY],
    'fat':      [0, 65],
    'sodium':   [0, 1779]})

foods, cost = gp.multidict({
    'hamburger': 2.49,
    'chicken':   2.89,
    'hot dog':   1.50,
    'fries':     1.89,
    'macaroni':  2.09,
    'pizza':     1.99,
    'salad':     2.49,
    'milk':      0.89,
    'ice cream': 1.59})

# Nutrition values for the foods
nutritionValues = {
    ('hamburger', 'calories'): 410,
    ('hamburger', 'protein'):  24,
    ('hamburger', 'fat'):      26,
    ('hamburger', 'sodium'):   730,
    ('chicken',   'calories'): 420,
    ('chicken',   'protein'):  32,
    ('chicken',   'fat'):      10,
    ('chicken',   'sodium'):   1190,
    ('hot dog',   'calories'): 560,
    ('hot dog',   'protein'):  20,
    ('hot dog',   'fat'):      32,
    ('hot dog',   'sodium'):   1800,
    ('fries',     'calories'): 380,
    ('fries',     'protein'):  4,
    ('fries',     'fat'):      19,
    ('fries',     'sodium'):   270,
    ('macaroni',  'calories'): 320,
    ('macaroni',  'protein'):  12,
    ('macaroni',  'fat'):      10,
    ('macaroni',  'sodium'):   930,
    ('pizza',     'calories'): 320,
    ('pizza',     'protein'):  15,
    ('pizza',     'fat'):      12,
    ('pizza',     'sodium'):   820,
    ('salad',     'calories'): 320,
    ('salad',     'protein'):  31,
    ('salad',     'fat'):      12,
    ('salad',     'sodium'):   1230,
    ('milk',      'calories'): 100,
    ('milk',      'protein'):  8,
    ('milk',      'fat'):      2.5,
    ('milk',      'sodium'):   125,
    ('ice cream', 'calories'): 330,
    ('ice cream', 'protein'):  8,
    ('ice cream', 'fat'):      10,
    ('ice cream', 'sodium'):   180}

# Model
m = gp.Model("diet")

# Create decision variables for the foods to buy
buy = m.addVars(foods, name="buy")

# You could use Python looping constructs and m.addVar() to create
# these decision variables instead.  The following would be equivalent
#
# buy = {}
# for f in foods:
#   buy[f] = m.addVar(name=f)

# The objective is to minimize the costs
m.setObjective(buy.prod(cost), GRB.MINIMIZE)

# Using looping constructs, the preceding statement would be:
#
# m.setObjective(sum(buy[f]*cost[f] for f in foods), GRB.MINIMIZE)

# Nutrition constraints
m.addConstrs((gp.quicksum(nutritionValues[f, c] * buy[f] for f in foods)
             == [minNutrition[c], maxNutrition[c]]
             for c in categories), "_")

# Using looping constructs, the preceding statement would be:
#
# for c in categories:
#  m.addRange(sum(nutritionValues[f, c] * buy[f] for f in foods),
#             minNutrition[c], maxNutrition[c], c)


def printSolution():
    if m.status == GRB.OPTIMAL:
        print('\nCost: %g' % m.ObjVal)
        print('\nBuy:')
        for f in foods:
            if buy[f].X > 0.0001:
                print('%s %g' % (f, buy[f].X))
    else:
        print('No solution')


# Solve
m.optimize()
printSolution()

print('\nAdding constraint: at most 6 servings of dairy')
m.addConstr(buy.sum(['milk', 'ice cream']) <= 6, "limit_dairy")

# Solve
m.optimize()
printSolution()