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最新推荐文章于 2024-01-18 23:25:36 发布

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1,2,3-trichlorobenzene

J Zhang - ‎2016

Inﬂuence of Dissolved Organic Matter on Sorption and Desorption of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene onto Wood Char
The effect of DOM on TCB and TeCB sorption onto wood char

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Mackay, D., Shiu, W. Y., and Ma, K. C. 1992. Illustrated Handbook of Physical-Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, vol. 1–2, Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.

1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene: >98%; Aldrich Chemical Co., USA

Stock solutions of TCB and TeCB were prepared in HPLC-grade methanol. Methanol concentrations in the aqueous solutions were always less than 0.2%, a level at which methanol has no measurable effect on sorption ¹.
Sorption isotherms of TCB, TeCB, and DOM onto the wood char sample were conducted in replicates in 50 mL glass tubes with Teflon-lined caps. 0.01M CaCl2 and 200 mg·L−1 NaN3 were added to stock solutions to minimize biological activity ².

A batch technique with 10.0 mg sorbent was utilized for all sorption experiments in this study. A mixture of 0.01 M CaCl2 and 200 mg /L NaN3 (pH 4.0) was used as background solution in all sorption experiments in order to prevent any potential dissolution of HA or BHA in solution and biological degradation of phenanthrene without causing significant changes in the organic matter chemistry².

The ratios of water to solids (30 mL: 5 mg) were adjusted to achieve 30–80% sorption of TCB and TeCB.

TCB and TeCB were analyzed by gas chromatography (capillary DB-5 column, 30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm, Varian CP-3800) with a 63Ni electron capture detector (GC-ECD). 1 μL of sample was injected at splitless mode. Injection and ECD temperatures were set to 220 and 330°C, respectively. The oven temperature was programmed from 100 to 190°C at a rate of 20°C/min, from 190 to 235°C at a rate of 4°C/min, and hold for 10 min.

##Trikovi 2016
Sorption Behaviour of Trichlorobenzenes and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Absence or Presence of Carbon Nanotubes in the Aquatic Environment

hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) on Danube sediment:
1. The trichlorobenzenes (TCBs)
2. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

HOCs such as PAHs are toxic and potentially carcinogenic pollutants and are found most often in sediments due to their high affinity towards soil/sediment organic matter (SOM) (Zhao et al. 2002; Smith et al. 2008). Chlorobenzenes are also common and widespread environmental pollutants found in freshwater lake sediments, sewage sludge, wastewater, groundwater, rivers and soils (Guerin 2008).

Sorbates

1,2,3-trichlorobenzene (1,2,3-TCB),
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB),
naphthalene,
phenanthrene,
pyrene
fluoranthene

All HOCs (purity > 99 %) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company.

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The volume of HOC methanol stock solutions used for background solution spiking was <0.1 % (v/v), which has been shown to have no measurable influence on the sorption behaviour of HOCs ³
(Weber and Huang 1996).

Sorbents

natural sediment from the river Danube

Sorption Isotherms

The background solution was 0.01 M CaCl 2 in deionized water with 100 mg/l NaN3 as biocide.
Initial concentrations of HOCs ranged from 0.005 to 1.0 mg/l for TCBs, naphthalene and phenanthrene, 0.001 to 0.12 mg/l for pyrene and 0.001 to 0.20 mg/l fluoranthene.
The solid/solution ratio was adjusted to result in 20–80 % uptake of given organic compound.

Chemical Analysis of HOCs

HOCs in the supernatants and column eluates were analysed after liquid–liquid extraction with hexane (J.T.Baker, for organic residue analysis).

After extraction, TCBs were analysed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD; Agilent Technologies 6890 with 63 Ni ECD) on a DB-XLB column (J&W Scientific) and quantified according to internal standard calibration using pentachloronitrobenzene as an internal standard. GC/ECD conditions were: split mode with a ratio of 50:1, inlet temperature 250 °C, column flow 2 ml/min, initial oven temperature 70 °C (held for 1 min), ramped to 270 °C at a rate of 20 °C/min.

PAHs were analysed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC/MS, Agilent 7890A/5975C) on a HP-5MS column (J&W Scientific) with phenathrene-d10 as internal standard using the following conditions: pulsed splitless mode with a split ratio of 50:1, inlet temperature 300 °C, column 1.5 ml/ min, initial oven temperature 55 °C for 1 min, then 25 °C/min to 300 °C for 3 min.

Method detection limits (MDL), practical quantitation limits (PQL), recoveries and RSD values for all applied analytical methods are given in Table 2. Analytical recoveries for all HOCs were obtained from five measurements at a level of 100 μg/l and ranged from 80 to 119 % with the RSD being below 10 % for all investigated HOCs.
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##Mengchang He 2010
Effect of Combined Bacillus subtilis on the Sorption of Phenanthrene and 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene onto Mineral Surfaces

Material and Methods

Chemicals

Phenanthrene and TCB (>98%) (Aldrich Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) were selected as HOC probes to determine equilibrium sorption isotherms. The molecular weights of Phen and TCB are 178.2 and 181.5 g mol −1 , their aqueous solubilities (S w ) at 25°C are 1.29 and 11.5 mg L −1 , and their logK ow are 4.57 and 4.14, respectively (Mackay et al., 1992). Stock solutions of Phen and TCB were prepared in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade methanol. Methanol concentrations in the aqueous solutions were <0.2%, a level at which methanol has no measurable eﬀect on sorption (Wau-chope and Koskinen, 1983).

Batch Sorption Experiments

The samples of 0.1 g sorbent and 40 mL aqueous Phen (0.570 mg L −1 ) or TCB (1.11 mg L −1 ) solution in 50-mL glass tubes with Teﬂon-lined caps were equilibrated by shaking at 125 rpm at 25 ± 0.5°C. The samples were removed at diﬀerent times and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 30 min. The supernatant solutions were ﬁltered through a 0.45-μm nylon membrane, and the concentration of Phen was determined by HPLC. 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene was separated by liquid/liquid extraction with hexane and analyzed by gas chromatography. The sorbed amounts were computed from the diﬀerence of the initial and ﬁnal solute concentrations. Kinetic tests showed that the sorption reached apparent equilibrium within 24 h for Phen and 12 h for TCB.

Banerjee1985 1，2，4-trichlorobenzene

###Sorption of organic contaminants to a low carbon subsurface core

Environmental hazards associated with the release of significant amounts of toxic organic compounds into the soil have been of growing public concern.
sorption

Brown1996 1，2，4-trichlorobenzene

Enhanced Organic Contaminant Sorption on Soil Treated with Cationic Surfactants

Investigate the use of cationic surfactants to enhance sorption of dissolved organic contaminants in aquifer material with low organic carbon content

Sorbents: Sand from the Borden aquifer in Ontario, Canada, treated with Hexadecyltrimethylammonium surfactant.
The initial batch systems: spiked with a solution of TCE PCE and TCB in methanol.
Five-point sorption isotherms: Five initial HOC concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 mg/L TCE, 5 to 50 mg/L PCE, and 1 to 10 mg/L TCB. Four replicate and three control somples were prepared for each point on the batch sorption isotherms.
hydrophobic organic compounds HOC