Django 文件上传时出现 500 错误

在 Django 中，文件上传时出现 500 错误通常是服务器端未处理的异常。这类错误可能有多种原因，包括配置问题、权限问题或上传逻辑中的错误。以下是一些常见的导致 Django 文件上传失败并出现 500 错误的原因和解决方法。

1、问题背景

在 Django 中使用文件上传功能时，遇到了 500 错误，无法成功上传文件。

2、解决方案

1. 检查 Apache 和 Django 的配置是否正确。
2. 确保已安装必要的库，例如 python-imaging。
3. 检查文件上传的大小限制，确保不超过服务器的限制。
4. 检查文件上传的路径是否存在，并具有适当的权限。
5. 检查服务器的日志文件，以获取更多有关错误的信息。

# settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'django_file_form',
    'django_file_form.ajaxuploader',
    'jfu',
)

TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS = (
    'django.core.context_processors.request',
    'django.core.context_processors.static',
    'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
)

STATIC_ROOT = '/path/to/static/'
STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'static').replace('\\','/'),
)

# views.py

from django.conf import settings
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.views import generic
from django.views.decorators.http import require_POST
from jfu.http import upload_receive, UploadResponse, JFUResponse

@require_POST
def upload( request ):

    # The assumption here is that jQuery File Upload
    # has been configured to send files one at a time.
    # If multiple files can be uploaded simulatenously,
    # 'file' may be a list of files.
    file = upload_receive( request )

    instance = YOURMODEL( file = file )
    instance.save()

    basename = os.path.basename( instance.file.path )

    file_dict = {
        'name' : basename,
        'size' : file.size,

        'url': settings.MEDIA_URL + basename,
        'thumbnailUrl': settings.MEDIA_URL + basename,

        'deleteUrl': reverse('jfu_delete', kwargs = { 'pk': instance.pk }),
        'deleteType': 'POST',
    }

    return UploadResponse( request, file_dict )

@require_POST
def upload_delete( request, pk ):
    success = True
    try:
        instance = YOURMODEL.objects.get( pk = pk )
        os.unlink( instance.file.path )
        instance.delete()
    except YOURMODEL.DoesNotExist:
        success = False

    return JFUResponse( request, success )

# urls.py

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url
from bible import views
from django.contrib import admin
from django.conf.urls.static import static
from django.conf import settings

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # Examples:
    # url(r'^$', 'bible.views.home', name='home'),
    # url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls')),

    url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
    url(r'^verses/', views.index),
    url(r'^search/', views.search),
    url(r'^contact/', views.contact),
    url(r'^profile/', views.profile),
    url(r'^register', views.register),

    url( r'upload/', views.upload, name = 'jfu_upload' ),

    # You may optionally define a delete url as well
    url( r'^delete/(?P<pk>\d+)$', views.upload_delete, name = 'jfu_delete' ),
) + static(settings.STATIC_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT)

# models.py

from django.db import models
from django.forms import ModelForm
from django.conf import settings

# Create your models here.

class Photo( models.Model ):
    file = models.FileField( upload_to = settings.MEDIA_ROOT )

这些步骤可以帮助你快速定位并解决 Django 文件上传时的 500 错误。如果还有问题，可以提供更多详细的错误信息以便进一步排查。