C++ 学习之多态案例一 - 计算器

案例描述：

分别利用普通写法和多态技术，设计实现两个操作数进行运算的计算器类

多态的优点：

• 代码组织结构清晰
• 可读性强
• 利于前期和后期的扩展以及维护

普通写法

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

//计算器实现两个数加减乘除
class calculate
{
public:
	int calculater(string symbol)
	{
		if (symbol == "+")
		{
			return num1 + num2;
		}
		if (symbol == "-")
		{
			return num1 - num2;
		}
		if (symbol == "*")
		{
			return num1 * num2;
		}
		if (symbol == "/")
		{
			return num1 / num2;
		}	
	}

public:
	int num1;
	int num2;
	string symbol;

};


void main()
{
	calculate ca;
	ca.num1 = 10;
	ca.num2 = 5;

	cout << "加法" << ca.calculater("+") << endl;
	cout << "减法" << ca.calculater("-") << endl;
	cout << "乘法" << ca.calculater("*") << endl;
	cout << "除法" << ca.calculater("/") << endl;
}

多态写法

/*
发生多态的三个条件
1、有继承关系
2、子类重写父类中的虚函数
3、父类的引用或指针指向子类对象
*/



#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

/*多态写法实现计算器*/

class calculator//父类计算器 
{
public:
	virtual int GetResult()//虚函数（子类会重写父类中的虚函数）
	{
		return 0;
	}

public:
	int num1, num2;
};


class add :public calculator//加法
{
public:
	int GetResult()
	{
		return num1 + num2;
	}
};

class sub :public calculator//减法
{
public:
	int GetResult()
	{
		return num1 - num2;
	}
};


class mul :public calculator//乘法
{
public:
	int GetResult()
	{
		return num1 * num2;
	}
};


class divi:public calculator  //再增加一个除法，方便扩展
{
public:
	int GetResult()
	{
		return num1 / num2;
	}
};





int function(calculator& cal)
{
	return  cal.GetResult();//父类的引用指向子类对象
}

void main()
{
	/*多态发生有两种方式*/

	//1、父类的引用指向子类对象
	cout << "引用方式" << endl;

	add ADD;
	ADD.calculator::num1 = 10;
	ADD.calculator::num2 = 10;
	cout << "加法：" << function(ADD) << endl;

	sub SUB;
	SUB.calculator::num1 = 10;
	SUB.calculator::num2 = 10;
	cout << "减法：" << function(SUB) << endl;


	mul MUL;
	MUL.calculator::num1 = 10;
	MUL.calculator::num2 = 10;
	cout << "乘法：" << function(MUL) << endl;



	//1、父类的指针指向子类对象
	cout << "指针方式" << endl;

	calculator* cal = new add;
	cal->num1 = 10;
	cal->num2 = 10;
	cout << "加法：" << cal->GetResult() << endl;
	delete cal;//用完了记得销毁


	cal = new sub;
	cal->num1 = 10;
	cal->num2 = 10;
	cout << "减法：" << cal->GetResult() << endl;
	delete cal;

	cal = new mul;
	cal->num1 = 10;
	cal->num2 = 10;
	cout << "乘法：" << cal->GetResult() << endl;
	delete cal;


	cal = new divi;
	cal->num1 = 10;
	cal->num2 = 10;
	cout << "除法：" << cal->GetResult() << endl;
	delete cal;

}