Hive函数

Hive 常用函数

关系运算

 等值比较 = == <=>
 不等值比较 != <>
 区间比较： select * from default.students where id between 1500100001 and 1500100010;
 空值/非空值判断：is null、is not null、nvl()、isnull()
 like、rlike、regexp用法

数值计算

取整函数(四舍五入)：round
向上取整：ceil
向下取整：floor

条件函数

• if： if(表达式,如果表达式成立的返回值,如果表达式不成立的返回值)

select if(1>0,1,0); 
select if(1>0,if(-1>0,-1,1),0);

• COALESCE

select COALESCE(null,'1','2'); // 1 从左往右 一次匹配 直到非空为止
select COALESCE('1',null,'2'); // 1

• case when

select  score
        ,case when score>120 then '优秀'
              when score>100 then '良好'
              when score>90 then '及格'
        else '不及格'
        end as pingfen
from default.score limit 20;

select  name
        ,case name when "施笑槐" then "槐ge"
                  when "吕金鹏" then "鹏ge"
                  when "单乐蕊" then "蕊jie"
        else "算了不叫了"
        end as nickname
from default.students limit 10;

日期函数

select from_unixtime(1610611142,'YYYY/MM/dd HH:mm:ss');

select from_unixtime(unix_timestamp(),'YYYY/MM/dd HH:mm:ss');

// '2021年01月14日' -> '2021-01-14'
select from_unixtime(unix_timestamp('2021年01月14日','yyyy年MM月dd日'),'yyyy-MM-dd');
// "04牛2021数加16逼" -> "2021/04/16"
select from_unixtime(unix_timestamp("04牛2021数加16逼","MM牛yyyy数加dd逼"),"yyyy/MM/dd");

字符串函数

concat('123','456'); // 123456
concat('123','456',null); // NULL

select concat_ws('#','a','b','c'); // a#b#c
select concat_ws('#','a','b','c',NULL); // a#b#c 可以指定分隔符，并且会自动忽略NULL
select concat_ws("|",cast(id as string),name,cast(age as string),gender,clazz) from students limit 10;

select substring("abcdefg",1); // abcdefg HQL中涉及到位置的时候 是从1开始计数
// '2021/01/14' -> '2021-01-14'
select concat_ws("-",substring('2021/01/14',1,4),substring('2021/01/14',6,2),substring('2021/01/14',9,2));

select split("abcde,fgh",","); // ["abcde","fgh"]
select split("a,b,c,d,e,f",",")[2]; // c

select explode(split("abcde,fgh",",")); // abcde
										//  fgh

// 解析json格式的数据
select get_json_object('{"name":"zhangsan","age":18,"score":[{"course_name":"math","score":100},{"course_name":"english","score":60}]}',"$.score[0].score"); // 100

Hive 中的wordCount

create table words(
    words string
)row format delimited fields terminated by '|';

// 数据
hello,java,hello,java,scala,python
hbase,hadoop,hadoop,hdfs,hive,hive
hbase,hadoop,hadoop,hdfs,hive,hive

select word,count(*) from (select explode(split(words,',')) word from words) a group by a.word;

// 结果
hadoop	4
hbase	2
hdfs	2
hello	2
hive	4
java	2
python	1
scala	1

Hive 开窗函数

好像给每一份数据 开一扇窗户 所以叫开窗函数, 在sql中有一类函数叫做聚合函数,例如sum()、avg()、max()等等,这类函数可以将多行数据按照规则聚集为一行,一般来讲聚集后的行数是要少于聚集前的行数的.但是有时我们想要既显示聚集前的数据,又要显示聚集后的数据,这时我们便引入了窗口函数.

测试数据

111,69,class1,department1
112,80,class1,department1
113,74,class1,department1
114,94,class1,department1
115,93,class1,department1
121,74,class2,department1
122,86,class2,department1
123,78,class2,department1
124,70,class2,department1
211,93,class1,department2
212,83,class1,department2
213,94,class1,department2
214,94,class1,department2
215,82,class1,department2
216,74,class1,department2
221,99,class2,department2
222,78,class2,department2
223,74,class2,department2
224,80,class2,department2
225,85,class2,department2

建表语句

create table new_score(
    id  int
    ,score int
    ,clazz string
    ,department string
) row format delimited fields terminated by ",";

row_number：无并列排名

用法： select xxxx, row_number() over(partition by 分组字段 order by 排序字段 desc) as rn from tb group by xxxx

dense_rank：有并列排名，并且依次递增

rank：有并列排名，不依次递增

PERCENT_RANK：(rank的结果-1)/(分区内数据的个数-1)

select  id
        ,score
        ,clazz
        ,department
        ,row_number() over (partition by clazz order by score desc) as row_number_rk
        ,dense_rank() over (partition by clazz order by score desc) as dense_rk
        ,rank() over (partition by clazz order by score desc) as rk
        ,percent_rank() over (partition by clazz order by score desc) as percent_rk
from new_score;


id  score   clazz   department  row_number_rk dense_rk  rk  percent_rk
114	 94	    class1	department1	    1       	1	    1	    0.0
214	 94	    class1	department2	    2       	1	    1	    0.0
213	 94	    class1	department2	    3       	1	    1	    0.0
211	 93	    class1	department2	    4       	2	    4	    0.3
115	 93	    class1	department1	    5       	2	    4	    0.3
212	 83	    class1	department2	    6       	3	    6	    0.5
215	 82	    class1	department2	    7       	4	    7	    0.6
112	 80	    class1	department1	    8       	5	    8	    0.7
113	 74	    class1	department1	    9       	6	    9	    0.8
216	 74	    class1	department2	    10      	6	    9	    0.8
111	 69	    class1	department1	    11      	7	    11	    1.0
221	 99	    class2	department2	    1       	1	    1	    0.0
122	 86	    class2	department1	    2       	2	    2	    0.125
225	 85	    class2	department2	    3       	3	    3	    0.25
224	 80	    class2	department2	    4       	4	    4	    0.375
123	 78	    class2	department1	    5       	5	    5	    0.5
222	 78	    class2	department2	    6       	5	    5	    0.5
121	 74	    class2	department1	    7       	6	    7	    0.75
223	 74	    class2	department2	    8       	6	    7	    0.75
124	 70	    class2	department1	    9       	7	    9	    1.0

LAG(col,n)：往前第n行数据

LEAD(col,n)：往后第n行数据

FIRST_VALUE：取分组内排序后，截止到当前行，第一个值

LAST_VALUE：取分组内排序后，截止到当前行，最后一个值，对于并列的排名，取最后一个

NTILE(n)：对分区内数据再分成n组，然后打上组号

select  id
        ,score
        ,clazz
        ,department
        ,lag(id,2) over (partition by clazz order by score desc) as lag_num
        ,LEAD(id,2) over (partition by clazz order by score desc) as lead_num
        ,FIRST_VALUE(id) over (partition by clazz order by score desc) as first_v_num
        ,LAST_VALUE(id) over (partition by clazz order by score desc) as last_v_num
        ,NTILE(3) over (partition by clazz order by score desc) as ntile_num
from new_score;


id  score   clazz   department  lag_num lead_num  first_v_num last_v_num  ntile_num
114	 94	    class1	department1	  NULL	   213	    114	          213	      1
214	 94	    class1	department2	  NULL	   211	    114	          213	      1
213	 94	    class1	department2	  114	   115	    114	          213	      1
211	 93	    class1	department2	  214	   212	    114	          115	      1
115	 93	    class1	department1	  213	   215	    114	          115	      2
212	 83	    class1	department2	  211	   112	    114	          212	      2
215	 82	    class1	department2	  115	   113	    114	          215	      2
112	 80	    class1	department1	  212	   216	    114	          112	      2
113	 74	    class1	department1	  215	   111	    114	          216	      3
216	 74	    class1	department2	  112	   NULL	    114	          216	      3
111	 69	    class1	department1	  113	   NULL	    114	          111	      3
221	 99	    class2	department2	  NULL	   225	    221	          221	      1
122	 86	    class2	department1	  NULL	   224	    221	          122	      1
225	 85	    class2	department2	  221	   123	    221	          225	      1
224	 80	    class2	department2	  122	   222	    221	          224	      2
123	 78	    class2	department1	  225	   121	    221	          222	      2
222	 78	    class2	department2	  224	   223	    221	          222	      2
121	 74	    class2	department1	  123	   124	    221	          223	      3
223	 74	    class2	department2	  222	   NULL	    221	          223	      3
124	 70	    class2	department1	  121	   NULL	    221	          124	      3

Hive 行转列

lateral view explode

create table testArray2(
    name string,
    weight array<string>
)row format delimited 
fields terminated by '\t'
COLLECTION ITEMS terminated by ',';

志凯	"150","170","180"
上单	"150","180","190"



select name,col1  from testarray2 lateral view explode(weight) t1 as col1;

志凯	150
志凯	170
志凯	180
上单	150
上单	180
上单	190

select key from (select explode(map('key1',1,'key2',2,'key3',3)) as (key,value)) t;

key1
key2
key3

select name,col1,col2  from testarray2 lateral view explode(map('key1',1,'key2',2,'key3',3)) t1 as col1,col2;
志凯	key1	1
志凯	key2	2
志凯	key3	3
上单	key1	1
上单	key2	2
上单	key3	3


select name,pos,col1  from testarray2 lateral view posexplode(weight) t1 as pos,col1;

志凯	0	150
志凯	1	170
志凯	2	180
上单	0	150
上单	1	180
上单	2	190

Hive 列转行

// testLieToLine
name col1
志凯	150
志凯	170
志凯	180
上单	150
上单	180
上单	190

create table testLieToLine(
    name string,
    col1 int
)row format delimited 
fields terminated by '\t';


select name,collect_list(col1) from testLieToLine group by name;

// 结果
上单	["150","180","190"]
志凯	["150","170","180"]

select  t1.name
        ,collect_list(t1.col1) 
from (
    select  name
            ,col1 
    from testarray2 
    lateral view explode(weight) t1 as col1
) t1 group by t1.name;

Hive自定义函数UserDefineFunction

UDF：一进一出

• 创建maven项目，并加入依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hive</groupId>
            <artifactId>hive-exec</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.1</version>
        </dependency>

• 编写代码，继承org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.UDF，实现evaluate方法，在evaluate方法中实现自己的逻辑

import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.UDF;

public class HiveUDF extends UDF {
    // hadoop => #hadoop#
    public String evaluate(String col1) {
    // 给传进来的数据 左边加上 # 号 右边加上 $
        String result = "#" + col1 + "$";
        return result;
    }
}

• 打成jar包并上传至Linux虚拟机
• 在hive shell中，使用 add jar 路径将jar包作为资源添加到hive环境中

add jar /usr/local/soft/jars/HiveUDF2-1.0.jar;

• 使用jar包资源注册一个临时函数，fxxx1是你的函数名

create temporary function fxxx1 as 'MyUDF';

• 使用函数名处理数据

select fxx1(name) as fxx_name from students limit 10;

#施笑槐$
#吕金鹏$
#单乐蕊$
#葛德曜$
#宣谷芹$
#边昂雄$
#尚孤风$
#符半双$
#沈德昌$
#羿彦昌$

UDTF：一进多出

 "key1:value1,key2:value2,key3:value3"

 key1 value1

 key2 value2

 key3 value3

方法一：使用 explode+split

select split(t.col1,":")[0],split(t.col1,":")[1] 
from (select explode(split("key1:value1,key2:value2,key3:value3",",")) as col1) t;

方法二：自定UDTF

• 代码

import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.UDFArgumentException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.udf.generic.GenericUDTF;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.ObjectInspector;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.ObjectInspectorFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.StructObjectInspector;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.primitive.PrimitiveObjectInspectorFactory;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class HiveUDTF extends GenericUDTF {
    // 指定输出的列名 及 类型
    @Override
    public StructObjectInspector initialize(StructObjectInspector argOIs) throws UDFArgumentException {
        ArrayList<String> filedNames = new ArrayList<String>();
        ArrayList<ObjectInspector> filedObj = new ArrayList<ObjectInspector>();
        filedNames.add("col1");
        filedObj.add(PrimitiveObjectInspectorFactory.javaStringObjectInspector);
        filedNames.add("col2");
        filedObj.add(PrimitiveObjectInspectorFactory.javaStringObjectInspector);
        return ObjectInspectorFactory.getStandardStructObjectInspector(filedNames, filedObj);
    }

    // 处理逻辑 my_udtf(col1,col2,col3)
    // "key1:value1,key2:value2,key3:value3"
    // my_udtf("key1:value1,key2:value2,key3:value3")
    public void process(Object[] objects) throws HiveException {
        // objects 表示传入的N列
        String col = objects[0].toString();
        // key1:value1  key2:value2  key3:value3
        String[] splits = col.split(",");
        for (String str : splits) {
            String[] cols = str.split(":");
            // 将数据输出
            forward(cols);
        }

    }

    // 在UDTF结束时调用
    public void close() throws HiveException {

    }
}

• SQL

select my_udtf("key1:value1,key2:value2,key3:value3");

字段：id,col1,col2,col3,col4,col5,col6,col7,col8,col9,col10,col11,col12 共13列

 数据：

a,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12

b,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22

c,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32

转成3列：id,hours,value

例如：

a,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12

a,0时,1

a,2时,2

a,4时,3

a,6时,4

…

create table udtfData(
    id string
    ,col1 string
    ,col2 string
    ,col3 string
    ,col4 string
    ,col5 string
    ,col6 string
    ,col7 string
    ,col8 string
    ,col9 string
    ,col10 string
    ,col11 string
    ,col12 string
)row format delimited fields terminated by ',';

代码：

import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.UDFArgumentException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.udf.generic.GenericUDTF;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.ObjectInspector;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.ObjectInspectorFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.StructObjectInspector;
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.objectinspector.primitive.PrimitiveObjectInspectorFactory;

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class HiveUDTF2 extends GenericUDTF {
    @Override
    public StructObjectInspector initialize(StructObjectInspector argOIs) throws UDFArgumentException {
        ArrayList<String> filedNames = new ArrayList<String>();
        ArrayList<ObjectInspector> fieldObj = new ArrayList<ObjectInspector>();
        filedNames.add("col1");
        fieldObj.add(PrimitiveObjectInspectorFactory.javaStringObjectInspector);
        filedNames.add("col2");
        fieldObj.add(PrimitiveObjectInspectorFactory.javaStringObjectInspector);
        return ObjectInspectorFactory.getStandardStructObjectInspector(filedNames, fieldObj);
    }

    public void process(Object[] objects) throws HiveException {
        int hours = 0;
        for (Object obj : objects) {
            hours = hours + 1;
            String col = obj.toString();
            ArrayList<String> cols = new ArrayList<String>();
            cols.add(hours + "时");
            cols.add(col);
            forward(cols);
        }
    }

    public void close() throws HiveException {

    }
}

添加jar资源:

add jar /usr/local/soft/HiveUDF2-1.0.jar;

注册udtf函数：

create temporary function my_udtf as 'MyUDTF';

SQL:

select id,hours,value from udtfData lateral view my_udtf(col1,col2,col3,col4,col5,col6,col7,col8,col9,col10,col11,col12) t as hours,value ;

UDAF：多进一出

Hive Shell

第一种：

hive -e "select * from test1.students limit 10"

第二种：

hive -f hql文件路径

将HQL写在一个文件里，再使用 -f 参数指定该文件