反射学习笔记

反射机制主要掌握的类型

以下是sun提供的反射机制中的类

java.lang.Class;
java.lang.reflect.Constructor; 构造方法
java.lang.reflect.Filed; 属性
java.lang.reflect.Method; 方法
java.lang.reflect.Modifier; 修饰符

class user{     //Class
    private String name; //Filed&Modifier
    public User(){}      //Constructor&Modifier
    public void ml(){}   //Method$Modifier
}

反射机制的作用:

1.反编译: .class -> .java
2.通过反射机制访问Java类的属性,方法,构造方法等;

获取Class的三种方法

/*第一种*/
Class c1 = null;
try {
    //c1引用保存内存地址指向堆中对象,该对象代表的是Employee整个类;
    c1 = Class.forName("Employee");
    //若sun提供的类,必须写类全名,类全名带有包名
    Class c = Class.forName("java.util.Date");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}
/*第二种*/
//Java中每个类型都有class属性;
Class c2 = Employee.class;

/*第三种*/
//Java语言中任何一个Java对象都有getClass方法;
Class c3 = new Employee().getClass();

Io与Properties联合运用

d:/dbinfo.txt文件中写如下

username = zhangsan

利用反射获取txt文件中的值:

//创建属性对象
Properties p= new Properties();//和Map一样,只不过key和value只能储存字符串对象
FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream("d:/dbinfo.txt");
//将file中的数据加载到属性对象中
p.load(file);
//关闭流
file.close();
String t = p.getProperty("username");
System.out.println(t);
//property属性文件可以中key,value可以用"空格","冒号","等号"
//若三者都有或重复,按最左边的作分隔符片

calssInfo.properties配置文件中写如下:

//配置文件以 文件名.properties 创建
username = java.util.Date
user=Test02User

利用反射获取.properties配置文件中的值:

//创建属性对象
Properties p = new Properties();
//创建流
FileReader fr = new FileReader("src/calssInfo.properties");
//加载
p.load(fr);
//关闭流
fr.close();
//通过key获取value
String username = p.getProperty("username");
String user = p.getProperty("user");
//通过反射获取对象
Class c = Class.forName(username);
Class c1 = Class.forName(user);
//创建对象
Object o = c.newInstance();
Object o1 = c1.newInstance();

System.out.println("username==>"+username);//username==>java.util.Date
System.out.println("user==>"+user);//user==>Test02User
System.out.println("c===>"+c);//c===>class java.util.Date
System.out.println("o===>"+o);//o===>Wed Nov 27 15:37:12 GMT+08:00 2019
System.out.println("c===>"+c1);//c===>class Test02User
System.out.println("o===>"+o1);//o===>Test02User@7dc7cbad

反编译类的所有属性

User类

public class User {
    public String namePublic;
    protected Integer sexProtected;
    private double sexPrivate;
    Boolean addressBoolean;
}

反编译

try {
    //获取整个类
    Class c = Class.forName("User");
    Field[] declaredFields = c.getDeclaredFields();
    for (Field declaredField : declaredFields) {
        System.out.print(declaredField.getModifiers()+" ");
        System.out.print(Modifier.toString(declaredField.getModifiers())+" ");
        System.out.print(declaredField.getType().getSimpleName()+" ");
        System.out.println(declaredField.getName()+" ");
    }
    System.out.println("==============================");
    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
    sb.append(Modifier.toString(c.getModifiers())+" ");
    sb.append("class ");
    sb.append(c.getSimpleName()+" ");
    sb.append(" {"+"\n");
    for (Field declaredField : declaredFields) {
        sb.append("\t");
        sb.append(Modifier.toString(declaredField.getModifiers())+" ");
        sb.append(declaredField.getType().getSimpleName()+" ");
        sb.append(declaredField.getName()+";"+"\n");
    }
    sb.append(" }");
    System.out.println(sb);
    System.out.println("============================================");
    //获取amePublic属性
    Class user = Class.forName("User");
    Field namePublic = user.getDeclaredField("sexProtected");
    //set   and   get
    Object o = user.newInstance();
    //打破封装,接触禁止访问
    namePublic.setAccessible(true);
    System.out.println(o);
    namePublic.set(o,1);
    System.out.println(namePublic.get(o));
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}
"========================================================================="
//编译结果
1 public String namePublic 
4 protected Integer sexProtected 
2 private double sexPrivate 
0  Boolean addressBoolean 
==============================
public class User  {
	public String namePublic;
	protected Integer sexProtected;
	private double sexPrivate;
	 Boolean addressBoolean;
 }
============================================
User@42d3bd8b
1

反编译某个类中的所有方法

//获取类
Class c = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
//获取所有的方法
Method[] methods = c.getMethods();
//反编译
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append(Modifier.toString(c.getModifiers()) + " class ");
sb.append(c.getSimpleName() + "\n");
for (Method method : methods) {
    sb.append("\t");
    //获取修饰符
    sb.append(Modifier.toString(method.getModifiers()) + " ");
    //获取返回值类型
    sb.append(method.getReturnType().getSimpleName() + " ");
    //获取方法名
    sb.append(method.getName() + "(");
    //获取形参
    Class[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
    for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
        Class parameterType = parameterTypes[i];
        if (i == parameterTypes.length-1) {
            sb.append(parameterType.getSimpleName());
        } else {
            sb.append(parameterType.getSimpleName() + " ,");
        }
    }
    sb.append("){}\n");
}
sb.append("}");
System.out.println(sb);

反编译某个类中的某个方法

LoginService 类

public class LoginService {
    public void login(String username , String passworrd){
        if (username.equals("小明")&&passworrd.equals("123")){
            System.out.println("登录成功!!!");
        }else {
            System.out.println("登录失败!!!");
        }

    }
    public void loginOut(){
        System.out.println("退出成功!!!");
    }
}

反编译调用LoginService 类

/*
* 获取某个特定的方法,利用反射机制调用*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, InvocationTargetException {
    //获取类
    Class c = Class.forName("LoginService");
    //获取特定的某个方法
    //通过: 方法名+形参列表
    Method login = c.getDeclaredMethod("login", String.class, String.class);
    //创建对象
    Object o = c.newInstance();
    //调用方法
    //调用o的login方法,传递"小明", "123"参数
    login.invoke(o, "小明", "1234");
}

反编译某个类中的所有的构造方法

//获取类
Class c = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
//获取所有的构造
Constructor[] cs = c.getDeclaredConstructors();
/*for (Constructor constructor : cs) {
    //获取修饰符
    System.out.println(Modifier.toString(constructor.getModifiers()));
    //获取构造方法名
    System.out.println(c.getName());
    //构造函数的形式参数列表
    Class[] parameterTypes = constructor.getParameterTypes();
    for (Class parameterType : parameterTypes) {
        System.out.println(parameterType.getSimpleName());
    }
}*/
/*反编译*/
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append(Modifier.toString(c.getModifiers()) + " class " + c.getName() + "{\n");
//构造方法
for (Constructor constructor : cs) {
    sb.append("\t");
    sb.append(Modifier.toString(c.getModifiers()) + " ");
    sb.append(c.getSimpleName() + "{");
    //形参
    Class[] parameterTypes = constructor.getParameterTypes();
    for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
        Class parameterType = parameterTypes[i];
        if (parameterTypes.length - 1 == i) {
            sb.append(parameterType.getSimpleName());
        } else {
            sb.append(parameterType.getSimpleName() + " ,");
        }
    }
    sb.append("}");
}

System.out.println(sb);//获取类
Class c = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
//获取所有的构造
Constructor[] cs = c.getDeclaredConstructors();
/*for (Constructor constructor : cs) {
    //获取修饰符
    System.out.println(Modifier.toString(constructor.getModifiers()));
    //获取构造方法名
    System.out.println(c.getName());
    //构造函数的形式参数列表
    Class[] parameterTypes = constructor.getParameterTypes();
    for (Class parameterType : parameterTypes) {
        System.out.println(parameterType.getSimpleName());
    }
}*/
/*反编译*/
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append(Modifier.toString(c.getModifiers()) + " class " + c.getName() + "{\n");
//构造方法
for (Constructor constructor : cs) {
    sb.append("\t");
    sb.append(Modifier.toString(c.getModifiers()) + " ");
    sb.append(c.getSimpleName() + "{");
    //形参
    Class[] parameterTypes = constructor.getParameterTypes();
    for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
        Class parameterType = parameterTypes[i];
        if (parameterTypes.length - 1 == i) {
            sb.append(parameterType.getSimpleName());
        } else {
            sb.append(parameterType.getSimpleName() + " ,");
        }
    }
    sb.append("}");
}

System.out.println(sb);

用反射获取某个特定的构造方法,然后创建对象

public class Test06 {
    /*
    * 获取某个特定的构造方法,然后创建对象*/
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
        //获取类
        Class c = Class.forName("Customer");
        //获取特定的构造方法
        Constructor con = c.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class);
        //创建对象
        Object o = con.newInstance("小明",18);
        System.out.println(o);
    }
}

class Customer{
    String name;
    int age;
    Customer(String name,int age){
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
    public String toString(){
        return "Customer["+name+","+age+"]";
    }
}

通过反射获取父类和父接口

/*
    * 关于类获取父类和父接口*/
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        //获取类
        Class c = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
        //获取父类
        Class superclass = c.getSuperclass();
        System.out.println(superclass.getName());
        //获取父接口
        Class[] interfaces = c.getInterfaces();
        for (Class anInterface : interfaces) {
            System.out.println(anInterface.getName());
        }
    }