反射机制主要掌握的类型
以下是sun提供的反射机制中的类
java.lang.Class;
java.lang.reflect.Constructor; 构造方法
java.lang.reflect.Filed; 属性
java.lang.reflect.Method; 方法
java.lang.reflect.Modifier; 修饰符
class user{ //Class
private String name; //Filed&Modifier
public User(){} //Constructor&Modifier
public void ml(){} //Method$Modifier
}
反射机制的作用:
1.反编译: .class -> .java
2.通过反射机制访问Java类的属性,方法,构造方法等;
获取Class的三种方法
/*第一种*/
Class c1 = null;
try {
//c1引用保存内存地址指向堆中对象,该对象代表的是Employee整个类;
c1 = Class.forName("Employee");
//若sun提供的类,必须写类全名,类全名带有包名
Class c = Class.forName("java.util.Date");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
/*第二种*/
//Java中每个类型都有class属性;
Class c2 = Employee.class;
/*第三种*/
//Java语言中任何一个Java对象都有getClass方法;
Class c3 = new Employee().getClass();
Io与Properties联合运用
d:/dbinfo.txt文件中写如下
username = zhangsan
利用反射获取txt文件中的值:
//创建属性对象
Properties p= new Properties();//和Map一样,只不过key和value只能储存字符串对象
FileInputStream file = new FileInputStream("d:/dbinfo.txt");
//将file中的数据加载到属性对象中
p.load(file);
//关闭流
file.close();
String t = p.getProperty("username");
System.out.println(t);
//property属性文件可以中key,value可以用"空格","冒号","等号"
//若三者都有或重复,按最左边的作分隔符片
calssInfo.properties配置文件中写如下:
//配置文件以 文件名.properties 创建
username = java.util.Date
user=Test02User
利用反射获取.properties配置文件中的值:
//创建属性对象
Properties p = new Properties();
//创建流
FileReader fr = new FileReader("src/calssInfo.properties");
//加载
p.load(fr);
//关闭流
fr.close();
//通过key获取value
String username = p.getProperty("username");
String user = p.getProperty("user");
//通过反射获取对象
Class c = Class.forName(username);
Class c1 = Class.forName(user);
//创建对象
Object o = c.newInstance();
Object o1 = c1.newInstance();
System.out.println("username==>"+username);//username==>java.util.Date
System.out.println("user==>"+user);//user==>Test02User
System.out.println("c===>"+c);//c===>class java.util.Date
System.out.println("o===>"+o);//o===>Wed Nov 27 15:37:12 GMT+08:00 2019
System.out.println("c===>"+c1);//c===>class Test02User
System.out.println("o===>"+o1);//o===>Test02User@7dc7cbad
反编译类的所有属性
User类
public class User {
public String namePublic;
protected Integer sexProtected;
private double sexPrivate;
Boolean addressBoolean;
}
反编译
try {
//获取整个类
Class c = Class.forName("User");
Field[] declaredFields = c.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field declaredField : declaredFields) {
System.out.print(declaredField.getModifiers()+" ");
System.out.print(Modifier.toString(declaredField.getModifiers())+" ");
System.out.print(declaredField.getType().getSimpleName()+" ");
System.out.println(declaredField.getName()+" ");
}
System.out.println("==============================");
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append(Modifier.toString(c.getModifiers())+" ");
sb.append("class ");
sb.append(c.getSimpleName()+" ");
sb.append(" {"+"\n");
for (Field declaredField : declaredFields) {
sb.append("\t");
sb.append(Modifier.toString(declaredField.getModifiers())+" ");
sb.append(declaredField.getType().getSimpleName()+" ");
sb.append(declaredField.getName()+";"+"\n");
}
sb.append(" }");
System.out.println(sb);
System.out.println("============================================");
//获取amePublic属性
Class user = Class.forName("User");
Field namePublic = user.getDeclaredField("sexProtected");
//set and get
Object o = user.newInstance();
//打破封装,接触禁止访问
namePublic.setAccessible(true);
System.out.println(o);
namePublic.set(o,1);
System.out.println(namePublic.get(o));
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
"========================================================================="
//编译结果
1 public String namePublic
4 protected Integer sexProtected
2 private double sexPrivate
0 Boolean addressBoolean
==============================
public class User {
public String namePublic;
protected Integer sexProtected;
private double sexPrivate;
Boolean addressBoolean;
}
============================================
User@42d3bd8b
1
反编译某个类中的所有方法
//获取类
Class c = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
//获取所有的方法
Method[] methods = c.getMethods();
//反编译
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append(Modifier.toString(c.getModifiers()) + " class ");
sb.append(c.getSimpleName() + "\n");
for (Method method : methods) {
sb.append("\t");
//获取修饰符
sb.append(Modifier.toString(method.getModifiers()) + " ");
//获取返回值类型
sb.append(method.getReturnType().getSimpleName() + " ");
//获取方法名
sb.append(method.getName() + "(");
//获取形参
Class[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
Class parameterType = parameterTypes[i];
if (i == parameterTypes.length-1) {
sb.append(parameterType.getSimpleName());
} else {
sb.append(parameterType.getSimpleName() + " ,");
}
}
sb.append("){}\n");
}
sb.append("}");
System.out.println(sb);
反编译某个类中的某个方法
LoginService 类
public class LoginService {
public void login(String username , String passworrd){
if (username.equals("小明")&&passworrd.equals("123")){
System.out.println("登录成功!!!");
}else {
System.out.println("登录失败!!!");
}
}
public void loginOut(){
System.out.println("退出成功!!!");
}
}
反编译调用LoginService 类
/*
* 获取某个特定的方法,利用反射机制调用*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, InvocationTargetException {
//获取类
Class c = Class.forName("LoginService");
//获取特定的某个方法
//通过: 方法名+形参列表
Method login = c.getDeclaredMethod("login", String.class, String.class);
//创建对象
Object o = c.newInstance();
//调用方法
//调用o的login方法,传递"小明", "123"参数
login.invoke(o, "小明", "1234");
}
反编译某个类中的所有的构造方法
//获取类
Class c = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
//获取所有的构造
Constructor[] cs = c.getDeclaredConstructors();
/*for (Constructor constructor : cs) {
//获取修饰符
System.out.println(Modifier.toString(constructor.getModifiers()));
//获取构造方法名
System.out.println(c.getName());
//构造函数的形式参数列表
Class[] parameterTypes = constructor.getParameterTypes();
for (Class parameterType : parameterTypes) {
System.out.println(parameterType.getSimpleName());
}
}*/
/*反编译*/
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append(Modifier.toString(c.getModifiers()) + " class " + c.getName() + "{\n");
//构造方法
for (Constructor constructor : cs) {
sb.append("\t");
sb.append(Modifier.toString(c.getModifiers()) + " ");
sb.append(c.getSimpleName() + "{");
//形参
Class[] parameterTypes = constructor.getParameterTypes();
for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
Class parameterType = parameterTypes[i];
if (parameterTypes.length - 1 == i) {
sb.append(parameterType.getSimpleName());
} else {
sb.append(parameterType.getSimpleName() + " ,");
}
}
sb.append("}");
}
System.out.println(sb);//获取类
Class c = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
//获取所有的构造
Constructor[] cs = c.getDeclaredConstructors();
/*for (Constructor constructor : cs) {
//获取修饰符
System.out.println(Modifier.toString(constructor.getModifiers()));
//获取构造方法名
System.out.println(c.getName());
//构造函数的形式参数列表
Class[] parameterTypes = constructor.getParameterTypes();
for (Class parameterType : parameterTypes) {
System.out.println(parameterType.getSimpleName());
}
}*/
/*反编译*/
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append(Modifier.toString(c.getModifiers()) + " class " + c.getName() + "{\n");
//构造方法
for (Constructor constructor : cs) {
sb.append("\t");
sb.append(Modifier.toString(c.getModifiers()) + " ");
sb.append(c.getSimpleName() + "{");
//形参
Class[] parameterTypes = constructor.getParameterTypes();
for (int i = 0; i < parameterTypes.length; i++) {
Class parameterType = parameterTypes[i];
if (parameterTypes.length - 1 == i) {
sb.append(parameterType.getSimpleName());
} else {
sb.append(parameterType.getSimpleName() + " ,");
}
}
sb.append("}");
}
System.out.println(sb);
用反射获取某个特定的构造方法,然后创建对象
public class Test06 {
/*
* 获取某个特定的构造方法,然后创建对象*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
//获取类
Class c = Class.forName("Customer");
//获取特定的构造方法
Constructor con = c.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class);
//创建对象
Object o = con.newInstance("小明",18);
System.out.println(o);
}
}
class Customer{
String name;
int age;
Customer(String name,int age){
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String toString(){
return "Customer["+name+","+age+"]";
}
}
通过反射获取父类和父接口
/*
* 关于类获取父类和父接口*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//获取类
Class c = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
//获取父类
Class superclass = c.getSuperclass();
System.out.println(superclass.getName());
//获取父接口
Class[] interfaces = c.getInterfaces();
for (Class anInterface : interfaces) {
System.out.println(anInterface.getName());
}
}