OpenCV图像处理——形态学

总目录

图像处理总目录←点击这里

六、形态学

6.1、腐蚀操作

效果

• 原数据

  img = cv2.imread('./image/dige.png')
  
  cv2.imshow('img', img)
  cv2.waitKey(0)
  cv2.destroyAllWindows()
  

  
• 腐蚀数据（腐蚀一次iterations = 1）
  “毛刺”没了，字体变细

  kernel = np.ones((3,3),np.uint8) 
  erosion = cv2.erode(img,kernel,iterations = 1)
  
  cv2.imshow('erosion', erosion)
  cv2.waitKey(0)
  cv2.destroyAllWindows()
  

  

原理

3X3的矩阵，在圆的边界颜色不一样，白色将会被腐蚀掉

• 原数据

  pie = cv2.imread('pie.png')
  
  cv2.imshow('pie', pie)
  cv2.waitKey(0)
  cv2.destroyAllWindows()
  

  
• 腐蚀三次iterations = 1,2,3过程
  白色的圆越来越小

  pie = cv2.imread('pie.png')
  kernel = np.ones((30,30),np.uint8) 
  erosion_1 = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iterations = 1)
  erosion_2 = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iterations = 2)
  erosion_3 = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iterations = 3)
  res = np.hstack((erosion_1,erosion_2,erosion_3))
  cv2.imshow('res', res)
  cv2.waitKey(0)
  cv2.destroyAllWindows()
  

  

6.2、膨胀操作

腐蚀的反操作
（1）字体
先腐蚀在膨胀，可以还原字体（去毛刺）

img = cv2.imread('./image/dige.png')
# 先腐蚀
kernel = np.ones((3,3),np.uint8) 
dige_erosion = cv2.erode(img,kernel,iterations = 1)
# 在膨胀
kernel = np.ones((3,3),np.uint8) 
dige_dilate = cv2.dilate(dige_erosion,kernel,iterations = 1)

cv2.imshow('dilate', dige_dilate)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

（2）圆圈

pie = cv2.imread('./image/pie.png')

kernel = np.ones((30,30),np.uint8) 
dilate_1 = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iterations = 1)
dilate_2 = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iterations = 2)
dilate_3 = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iterations = 3)
res = np.hstack((dilate_1,dilate_2,dilate_3))
cv2.imshow('res', res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

6.3、开运算和闭运算

腐蚀和膨胀的结合

• 开运算 cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)
  先腐蚀，再膨胀

  # 开：先腐蚀，再膨胀
  img = cv2.imread('./image/dige.png')
  
  kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8) 
  opening = cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)
  
  cv2.imshow('opening', opening)
  cv2.waitKey(0)
  cv2.destroyAllWindows()
  

  

• 闭运算 cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel)
  先膨胀，再腐蚀

  # 闭：先膨胀，再腐蚀
  img = cv2.imread('./image/dige.png')
  
  kernel = np.ones((5,5),np.uint8) 
  closing = cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel)
  
  cv2.imshow('closing', closing)
  cv2.waitKey(0)
  cv2.destroyAllWindows()
  
  

  

6.4、梯度运算

cv2.morphologyEx(pie, cv2.MORPH_GRADIENT, kernel)

梯度=膨胀-腐蚀

pie = cv2.imread('./image/pie.png')
kernel = np.ones((7,7),np.uint8) 
dilate = cv2.dilate(pie,kernel,iterations = 5)
erosion = cv2.erode(pie,kernel,iterations = 5)
# 将两张图像横向拼接一起展示
res = np.hstack((dilate,erosion))

cv2.imshow('res', res)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

用左边的减去右边的图像

gradient = cv2.morphologyEx(pie, cv2.MORPH_GRADIENT, kernel)

cv2.imshow('gradient', gradient)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

6.5、礼帽与黑帽

• 礼帽 = 原始输入-开运算结果

  #礼帽
  img = cv2.imread('./image/dige.png')
  tophat = cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_TOPHAT, kernel)
  cv2.imshow('tophat', tophat)
  cv2.waitKey(0)
  cv2.destroyAllWindows()
  

  

• 黑帽 = 闭运算-原始输入

  #黑帽
  img = cv2.imread('dige.png')
  blackhat  = cv2.morphologyEx(img,cv2.MORPH_BLACKHAT, kernel)
  cv2.imshow('blackhat ', blackhat )
  cv2.waitKey(0)
  cv2.destroyAllWindows()