java中的枚举类与注解

一、枚举类的使用

1、 自定义枚举类

class Season{
	private final String SEASONNAME;//季节的名称
	private final String SEASONDESC;//季节的描述
	private Season(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
		this.SEASONNAME = seasonName;
		this.SEASONDESC = seasonDesc; 
	}
	public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天", "春暖花开");
	public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天", "夏日炎炎");
	public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天", "秋高气爽");
	public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天", "白雪皑皑");
}

2、使用enum定义枚举类

public enum SeasonEnum {
	SPRING("春天","春风又绿江南岸"),
	SUMMER("夏天","映日荷花别样红"),
	AUTUMN("秋天","秋水共长天一色"),
	WINTER("冬天","窗含西岭千秋雪");
	private final String seasonName;
	private final String seasonDesc;
	private SeasonEnum(String seasonName, String seasonDesc) {
		this.seasonName = seasonName;
		this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc; 
	}
	public String getSeasonName() {
		return seasonName; 
	}
	public String getSeasonDesc() {
		return seasonDesc; 
	} 
}

public class SeasonTest1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season1 summer = Season1.SUMMER;
        //toString():返回枚举类对象的名称
        System.out.println(summer.toString());

//        System.out.println(Season1.class.getSuperclass());
        System.out.println("****************");
        //values():返回所有的枚举类对象构成的数组
        Season1[] values = Season1.values();
        for(int i = 0;i < values.length;i++){
            System.out.println(values[i]);
            values[i].show();
        }
        System.out.println("****************");
        Thread.State[] values1 = Thread.State.values();
        for (int i = 0; i < values1.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(values1[i]);
        }

        //valueOf(String objName):返回枚举类中对象名是objName的对象。
        Season1 winter = Season1.valueOf("WINTER");
        //如果没有objName的枚举类对象，则抛异常：IllegalArgumentException
//        Season1 winter = Season1.valueOf("WINTER1");
        System.out.println(winter);
        winter.show();
    }
}

interface Info{
    void show();
}

//使用enum关键字枚举类
enum Season1 implements Info{
    //1.提供当前枚举类的对象，多个对象之间用","隔开，末尾对象";"结束
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("春天在哪里？");
        }
    },
    SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("宁夏");
        }
    },
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("秋天不回来");
        }
    },
    WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("大约在冬季");
        }
    };

    //2.声明Season对象的属性:private final修饰
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    //2.私有化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值

    private Season1(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    //4.其他诉求1：获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }
//    //4.其他诉求1：提供toString()
//
//    @Override
//    public String toString() {
//        return "Season1{" +
//                "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
//                ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
//                '}';
//    }


//    @Override
//    public void show() {
//        System.out.println("这是一个季节");
//    }
}

二、注解(Annotation)

1、概述

2、常见的Annotation示例

package com.annotation.javadoc;
/**
* @author lyf
* @version 1.0
* @see Math.java
*/
public class JavadocTest {
/**
* 程序的主方法，程序的入口
* @param args String[] 命令行参数
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
}
/**
* 求圆面积的方法
* @param radius double 半径值
* @return double 圆的面积
*/
public static double getArea(double radius){
	return Math.PI * radius * radius; 
} 
}

package com.annotation.javadoc;
public class AnnotationTest{
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		@SuppressWarnings("unused")
		int a = 10;
	}
	@Deprecated
	public void print(){
		System.out.println("过时的方法");
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "重写的toString方法()"; 
	} 
}

<servlet> 
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name> 
<servlet-class>com.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet> 
<servlet-mapping> 
<servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name> 
<url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

3、 自定义 Annotation

@MyAnnotation(value = "java注解")
public class MyAnnotationTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class clazz = MyAnnotationTest.class;
        Annotation a = clazz.getAnnotation(MyAnnotation.class);
        MyAnnotation m = (MyAnnotation) a;
        String info = m.value();
        System.out.println(info);
    }
}

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@interface MyAnnotation {
    String value() default "java Annotation";
}

4、JDK中的元注解

①@Retention

@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)
public @interface Retention {
    /**
     * Returns the retention policy.
     * @return the retention policy
     */
    RetentionPolicy value();
}

举例：

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
@interface MyAnnotation1{ }
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @interface MyAnnotation2{ }

②@Target

③@Documented和@Inherited

5、利用反射获取注解信息

6、JDK8中注解的新特性

@MyAnnotation
public class AnnotationTest<U> {
	@MyAnnotation
	private String name;
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		AnnotationTest<@MyAnnotation String> t = null;
		int a = (@MyAnnotation int) 2L;
		@MyAnnotation
		int b = 10;
	}
	public static <@MyAnnotation T> void method(T t) { }
	public static void test(@MyAnnotation String arg) throws @MyAnnotation Exception { } 
}
@Target(ElementType.TYPE_USE)
@interface MyAnnotation { }

以上就是java枚举类和注解的介绍，如果有不当之处或者遇到什么问题，欢迎在文章下面留言~
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