学习记录349@Java前后端交互之验证码的生成和使用

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最新推荐文章于 2023-11-18 12:52:46 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44663675/article/details/109772241

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需求，输入验证码模拟登录，验证码可点击更换，验证码的生成是由后端生成的，传给前端img。

逻辑

在这里插入图片描述

代码

前端

<%@ page import="javax.print.attribute.standard.JobOriginatingUserName" %><%--
  Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
  User: 17621802479
  Date: 2020/11/10
  Time: 16:12
  To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
--%>
<%--登录界面--%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>登录</title>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        window.onload = function () {
            //点击图片，更改图片
            document.getElementById("img").onclick = function () {
                //浏览器优化点击要更改的话需要让浏览器认为是不同的请求，因此跟上时间参数，时间是不同的
                document.getElementById("img").src = "/VerifyServlet?" + new Date();
            }
        }
    </script>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="/VerifyServlet">
    <%--隐藏域,存方法参数--%>
    <input type="hidden" name="method" value="login"/>
    验证码:<input name="verifycode" type="text"/><img id="img" src="/VerifyServlet?method=verify"/><br>
    <input type="submit" value="登录"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>

验证码模块，注意工具类的使用即可

package utils;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Random;

public class VerifyCode {
	private int w = 70;
	private int h = 35;
 	private Random r = new Random();
 	// {"宋体", "华文楷体", "黑体", "华文新魏", "华文隶书", "微软雅黑", "楷体_GB2312"}
	private String[] fontNames  = {"宋体", "华文楷体", "黑体", "微软雅黑", "楷体_GB2312"};
	// 可选字符
	private String codes  = "23456789abcdefghjkmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
	// 背景色
	private Color bgColor  = new Color(255, 255, 255);
	// 验证码上的文本
	private String text ;
	
	// 生成随机的颜色
	private Color randomColor () {
		int red = r.nextInt(150);
		int green = r.nextInt(150);
		int blue = r.nextInt(150);
		return new Color(red, green, blue);
	}
	
	// 生成随机的字体
	private Font randomFont () {
		int index = r.nextInt(fontNames.length);
		String fontName = fontNames[index];//生成随机的字体名称
		int style = r.nextInt(4);//生成随机的样式, 0(无样式), 1(粗体), 2(斜体), 3(粗体+斜体)
		int size = r.nextInt(5) + 24; //生成随机字号, 24 ~ 28
		return new Font(fontName, style, size);
	}
	
	// 画干扰线
	private void drawLine (BufferedImage image) {
		int num  = 3;//一共画3条
		Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)image.getGraphics();
		for(int i = 0; i < num; i++) {//生成两个点的坐标，即4个值
			int x1 = r.nextInt(w);
			int y1 = r.nextInt(h);
			int x2 = r.nextInt(w);
			int y2 = r.nextInt(h); 
			g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(1.5F)); 
			g2.setColor(randomColor()); //干扰线是蓝色
			g2.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2);//画线
		}
	}
	
	// 随机生成一个字符
	private char randomChar () {
		int index = r.nextInt(codes.length());
		return codes.charAt(index);
	}
	
	// 创建BufferedImage
	private BufferedImage createImage () {
		BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); 
		Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)image.getGraphics(); 
		g2.setColor(this.bgColor);
		g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
 		return image;
	}
	
	// 调用这个方法得到验证码
	public BufferedImage getImage () {
		BufferedImage image = createImage();//创建图片缓冲区 
		Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D)image.getGraphics();//得到绘制环境
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();//用来装载生成的验证码文本
		// 向图片中画4个字符
		for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)  {//循环四次，每次生成一个字符
			String s = randomChar() + "";//随机生成一个字母 
			sb.append(s); //把字母添加到sb中
			float x = i * 1.0F * w / 4; //设置当前字符的x轴坐标
			g2.setFont(randomFont()); //设置随机字体
			g2.setColor(randomColor()); //设置随机颜色
			g2.drawString(s, x, h-5); //画图
		}
		this.text = sb.toString(); //把生成的字符串赋给了this.text
		drawLine(image); //添加干扰线
		return image;		
	}
	
	// 返回验证码图片上的文本
	public String getText () {
		return text;
	}
	
	// 保存图片到指定的输出流
	public static void output (BufferedImage image, OutputStream out) 
				throws IOException {
		ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", out);
	}
}

servlet

package contorller;

import utils.VerifyCode;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;

@WebServlet("/VerifyServlet")
public class VerifyServlet extends HttpServlet {
//多个servlet有重复的代码，提取到baseServlet中


    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String method = req.getParameter("method");
        if (method.equals("verify")) {
            verify(req, resp);
        } else if (method.equals("login")) {
            login(req, resp);
        }
    }

    private void verify(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
        VerifyCode verifyCode = new VerifyCode();//验证码对象
        BufferedImage image = verifyCode.getImage();//图片
        VerifyCode.output(image, resp.getOutputStream());//输出图片到前端
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        //存入图片中的文字，为了和输入的内容作比较，这里没写后续实现了
        session.setAttribute("verifytext", verifyCode.getText());
    }

    private void login(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException {
        String verifycode = req.getParameter("verifycode");
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        String verifytext = (String) session.getAttribute("verifytext");
        //不区分大小写
        if (verifycode.toLowerCase().equals(verifytext.toLowerCase())) {
            System.out.println("succeed");
        } else {
            System.out.println("failed");
        }
    }
}

测试

在这里插入图片描述

教练我想学编程

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学习记录349@Java前后端交互之验证码的生成和使用

需求，输入验证码模拟登录，验证码可点击更换，验证码的生成是由后端生成的，传给前端img。逻辑代码前端<%@ page import="javax.print.attribute.standard.JobOriginatingUserName" %><%-- Created by IntelliJ IDEA. User: 17621802479 Date: 2020/11/10 Time: 16:12 To change this template use.
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