Spring Data Jpa 多表之间的关系和操作多表的步骤
表关系
- 一对一
- 一对多:
一的一方:主表
多的一方:从表
外键:需要再从表上新建一列作为外键,他的取值来源于主表的主键 - 多对多
中间表:中间表中最少应该由两个字段组成,这两个字段做为外键指向两张表的主键,又组成了联合主键
实体类中的关系
4. 包含关系:可以通过实体类中的包含关系描述表关系
5. 继承关系
分析步骤
6. 明确表关系
7. 确定表关系(描述 外键 | 中间表)
8. 编写实体类,再实体类中描述表关系(包含关系)
9. 配置映射关系
完成多表操作
1.一对多操作
案例:客户和联系人案例(一对多关系)
客户:一家公司
联系人:这家公司员工
(一个客户可以具有多个联系人)
(一个联系人从属于一家公司)
分析步骤
(1) 明确表关系:
(一对多关系)
(2) 确定表关系(描述 外键 | 中间表)
主表:客户表
从表:联系人表(在从表添加外键)
(3) 编写实体类,再实体类中描述表关系(包含关系)
客户:在客户的实体类中包含一个联系人的集合
联系人: 在联系人的实体类中包含一个客户的对象
(4) 配置映射关系
使用jpa注解配置一对多映射关系
级联:
操作一个对象的同时操作他的关联对象
级联操作:
- 需要区分操作主题
- 需要在操作主题的实体类上,添加级联属性(需要添加到多表映射关系的注释上)
- cascada(配置级联)
级联添加:
案例:当我保存一个客户的同时保存联系人
级联删除:
案例:当我删除一个客户的同时删除此客户的所有联系人
目录信息:
pom文件内容
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.itcast</groupId>
<artifactId>jpa-day03-onetomany</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
<hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
<c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- junit单元测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.9</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.6.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring对ORM框架的支持包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring end -->
<!-- hibernate beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>5.2.1.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate end -->
<!-- c3p0 beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>${c3p0.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- c3p0 end -->
<!-- log end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring data jpa 坐标 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- el beg 使用spring data jpa 必须引入 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.el</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- el end -->
</dependencies>
</project>
CustomerDao接口
package cn.itcast.dao;
import cn.itcast.domain.Customer;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
/**
* @author JiangDong
* @date 2020/7/16 - 10:45
*/
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer,Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {
}
LinkManDao接口
package cn.itcast.dao;
import cn.itcast.domain.LinkMan;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
/**
* @author JiangDong
* @date 2020/7/17 - 11:43
*/
public interface LinkManDao extends JpaRepository<LinkMan,Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<LinkMan> {
}
Customer实体类
package cn.itcast.domain;
/**
* @author JiangDong
* @date 2020/7/12 - 22:43
*/
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* 1. 实体类和表的映射关系
* @Entity
* @Table
* 2. 类中属性和表中字段的对应关系
* @Id
* @GeneratedValue
* @Column
*/
@Entity
@Table(name ="cst_customer")
public class Customer {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "cust_id")
private Long custId; //客户主键
@Column(name = "cust_name")
private String custName; // 客户名称
@Column(name = "cust_source")
private String custSource; // 客户来源
@Column(name = "cust_industry")
private String custIndustry;// 客户级别
@Column(name = "cust_level")
private String custLevel; // 客户所属类别
@Column(name = "cust_address")
private String custAddress; // 客户的联系方式
@Column(name = "cust_phone")
private String custPhone; // 客户地址
// 配置客户和联系人之间的关系(一对多关系)
/**
* 使用注解形式配置多表关系
* 1.声明关系
* @OneToMany :配置一对多关系
* targetEntity : 对方对象的字节码
* 2.配置外键(中间表)
* @JoinColumn : 配置外键
* name : 外键字段名称
* referencedColumnName:参照的主表的主键字段名称
*
* 在客户实体类中(主表一方)配置了外键配置,所以对于客户而言,也具备了维护外键的作用
*/
@OneToMany(targetEntity = LinkMan.class)
@JoinColumn(name = "lkm_cust_id",referencedColumnName = "cust_id")
private Set<LinkMan> linkMans = new HashSet<LinkMan>();
public Set<LinkMan> getLinkMans() {
return linkMans;
}
public void setLinkMans(Set<LinkMan> linkMans) {
this.linkMans = linkMans;
}
public Long getCustId() {
return custId;
}
public void setCustId(Long custId) {
this.custId = custId;
}
public String getCustName() {
return custName;
}
public void setCustName(String custName) {
this.custName = custName;
}
public String getCustSource() {
return custSource;
}
public void setCustSource(String custSource) {
this.custSource = custSource;
}
public String getCustIndustry() {
return custIndustry;
}
public void setCustIndustry(String custIndustry) {
this.custIndustry = custIndustry;
}
public String getCustLevel() {
return custLevel;
}
public void setCustLevel(String custLevel) {
this.custLevel = custLevel;
}
public String getCustAddress() {
return custAddress;
}
public void setCustAddress(String custAddress) {
this.custAddress = custAddress;
}
public String getCustPhone() {
return custPhone;
}
public void setCustPhone(String custPhone) {
this.custPhone = custPhone;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Customer{" +
"custId=" + custId +
", custName='" + custName + '\'' +
", custSource='" + custSource + '\'' +
", custIndustry='" + custIndustry + '\'' +
", custLevel='" + custLevel + '\'' +
", custAddress='" + custAddress + '\'' +
", custPhone='" + custPhone + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
LinkMan实体类
package cn.itcast.domain;
import javax.persistence.*;
@Entity
@Table(name = "cst_linkman")
public class LinkMan {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "lkm_id")
private Long lkmId; //联系人编号(主键)
@Column(name = "lkm_name")
private String lkmName;//联系人姓名
@Column(name = "lkm_gender")
private String lkmGender;//联系人性别
@Column(name = "lkm_phone")
private String lkmPhone;//联系人办公电话
@Column(name = "lkm_mobile")
private String lkmMobile;//联系人手机
@Column(name = "lkm_email")
private String lkmEmail;//联系人邮箱
@Column(name = "lkm_position")
private String lkmPosition;//联系人职位
@Column(name = "lkm_memo")
private String lkmMemo;//联系人备注
/**
* 配置联系人到客户的多对一关系
* 使用注解的形式配置多对一关系
* 1.配置表关系
* @ManyToOne : 配置多对一关系
* targetEntity:对方的实体类字节码
* 2.配置外键(中间表)
*
* * 配置外键的过程,配置到了多的一方,就会在多的一方维护外键
*
*/
@ManyToOne(targetEntity = Customer.class,fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
@JoinColumn(name = "lkm_cust_id",referencedColumnName = "cust_id")
private Customer customer;
public Long getLkmId() {
return lkmId;
}
public void setLkmId(Long lkmId) {
this.lkmId = lkmId;
}
public String getLkmName() {
return lkmName;
}
public void setLkmName(String lkmName) {
this.lkmName = lkmName;
}
public String getLkmGender() {
return lkmGender;
}
public void setLkmGender(String lkmGender) {
this.lkmGender = lkmGender;
}
public String getLkmPhone() {
return lkmPhone;
}
public void setLkmPhone(String lkmPhone) {
this.lkmPhone = lkmPhone;
}
public String getLkmMobile() {
return lkmMobile;
}
public void setLkmMobile(String lkmMobile) {
this.lkmMobile = lkmMobile;
}
public String getLkmEmail() {
return lkmEmail;
}
public void setLkmEmail(String lkmEmail) {
this.lkmEmail = lkmEmail;
}
public String getLkmPosition() {
return lkmPosition;
}
public void setLkmPosition(String lkmPosition) {
this.lkmPosition = lkmPosition;
}
public String getLkmMemo() {
return lkmMemo;
}
public void setLkmMemo(String lkmMemo) {
this.lkmMemo = lkmMemo;
}
public Customer getCustomer() {
return customer;
}
public void setCustomer(Customer customer) {
this.customer = customer;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "LinkMan{" +
"lkmId=" + lkmId +
", lkmName='" + lkmName + '\'' +
", lkmGender='" + lkmGender + '\'' +
", lkmPhone='" + lkmPhone + '\'' +
", lkmMobile='" + lkmMobile + '\'' +
", lkmEmail='" + lkmEmail + '\'' +
", lkmPosition='" + lkmPosition + '\'' +
", lkmMemo='" + lkmMemo + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
applicationContext.xml配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">
<!-- spring 和 Spring data 的配置-->
<!--1. 创建entityManagerFactory对象交给Spring容器管理 -->
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<!--配置的扫描的包(实体类所在的包) -->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.itcast.domain" />
<!-- jpa的实现厂家 -->
<property name="persistenceProvider">
<bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"/>
</property>
<!--jpa的供应商适配器 -->
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<!--配置是否自动创建数据库表 -->
<property name="generateDdl" value="false" />
<!--指定数据库类型 -->
<property name="database" value="MYSQL" />
<!--数据库方言:支持的特有语法 -->
<property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
<!--是否显示sql -->
<property name="showSql" value="true" />
</bean>
</property>
<!--jpa的方言 :高级的特性 -->
<property name="jpaDialect" >
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect" />
</property>
<!--
注入jpa的配置信息
加载jpa的基本配置信息和jpa实现方式(hibernate)的配置信息
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto : 自动创建数据库表
-->
<property name="jpaProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!--2. 创建数据库连接池 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="user" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value=""/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3308/itheima_spring_data_jpa"/>
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
</bean>
<!--3.整合spring data jpa -->
<jpa:repositories base-package="cn.itcast.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory">
</jpa:repositories>
<!--4.配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
</bean>
<!--5.声明式事务 -->
<!--6.配置包扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast"/>
</beans>
测试类
package cn.itcast.test;
import cn.itcast.dao.CustomerDao;
import cn.itcast.dao.LinkManDao;
import cn.itcast.domain.Customer;
import cn.itcast.domain.LinkMan;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.annotation.Rollback;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath*:applicationContext.xml")
public class OneToManyTest {
@Autowired
private CustomerDao customerDao;
@Autowired
private LinkManDao linkManDao;
/**
* 保存一个客户,保存一个联系人
* 效果:客户和联系人作为独立的数据保存到数据库中
* 联系人的外键为空
* 原因?
* 实体类中没有配置关系
*/
@Test
@Transactional //配置事务
@Rollback(false) //不自动回滚
public void testAdd() {
//创建一个客户,创建一个联系人
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setCustName("百度");
LinkMan linkMan = new LinkMan();
linkMan.setLkmName("小李");
/**
* 配置了客户到联系人的关系
* 从客户的角度上:发送两条insert语句,发送一条更新语句更新数据库(更新外键)
* 由于我们配置了客户到联系人的关系:客户可以对外键进行维护
*/
customer.getLinkMans().add(linkMan);
customerDao.save(customer);
linkManDao.save(linkMan);
}
@Test
@Transactional //配置事务
@Rollback(false) //不自动回滚
public void testAdd1() {
//创建一个客户,创建一个联系人
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setCustName("百度");
LinkMan linkMan = new LinkMan();
linkMan.setLkmName("小李");
/**
* 配置联系人到客户的关系(多对一)
* 只发送了两条insert语句
* 由于配置了联系人到客户的映射关系(多对一)
*
*
*/
linkMan.setCustomer(customer);
customerDao.save(customer);
linkManDao.save(linkMan);
}
/**
* 会有一条多余的update语句
* * 由于一的一方可以维护外键:会发送update语句
* * 解决此问题:只需要在一的一方放弃维护权即可
*
*/
@Test
@Transactional //配置事务
@Rollback(false) //不自动回滚
public void testAdd2() {
//创建一个客户,创建一个联系人
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setCustName("百度");
LinkMan linkMan = new LinkMan();
linkMan.setLkmName("小李");
linkMan.setCustomer(customer);//由于配置了多的一方到一的一方的关联关系(当保存的时候,就已经对外键赋值)
customer.getLinkMans().add(linkMan);//由于配置了一的一方到多的一方的关联关系(发送一条update语句)
customerDao.save(customer);
linkManDao.save(linkMan);
}
/**
* 级联添加:保存一个客户的同时,保存客户的所有联系人
* 需要在操作主体的实体类上,配置casacde属性
*/
@Test
@Transactional //配置事务
@Rollback(false) //不自动回滚
public void testCascadeAdd() {
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setCustName("百度1");
LinkMan linkMan = new LinkMan();
linkMan.setLkmName("小李1");
linkMan.setCustomer(customer);
customer.getLinkMans().add(linkMan);
customerDao.save(customer);
}
/**
* 级联删除:
* 删除1号客户的同时,删除1号客户的所有联系人
*/
@Test
@Transactional //配置事务
@Rollback(false) //不自动回滚
public void testCascadeRemove() {
//1.查询1号客户
Customer customer = customerDao.findOne(1l);
//2.删除1号客户
customerDao.delete(customer);
}
}
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