本篇文章所采用后端部分如下:
//1. 引入express
const { request, response } = require('express');
const express = require('express');
//2. 创建应用对象
const app = express();
//3. 创建路由规则
// request 是对请求报文的封装
// response 是对响应报文的封装
app.get('/server', (request, response)=>{
//设置响应
response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*');
response.send('HELLO AJAX');
});
app.post('/server', (request, response)=>{
//设置响应
response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*');
//响应头
response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', '*');
response.send('HELLO AJAX POST');
});
app.all('/server', (request, response)=>{
//设置响应
response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*');
//响应头
response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', '*');
response.send('HELLO AJAX POST');
});
app.all('/json-server', (request, response)=>{
//设置响应
response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*');
//响应头
response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', '*');
const data={
name:'kd',
}
let str=JSON.stringify(data)
response.send(str);
});
//延时响应
app.all('/delay',(request, response) => {
//设置响应头 设置允许跨域
response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Origin', '*');
response.setHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', '*');
setTimeout(()=>{
response.send('延时响应')
},1000)
})
//4. 监听端口启动服务
app.listen(8000, ()=>{
console.log("服务已经启动, 8000 端口监听中....");
});
标题响应JSON
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>AJAX——JSON</title>
<style>
#result{
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
border: 1px solid red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>
const result=document.getElementById('result')
window.onkeydown=function(){
const xhr=new XMLHttpRequest()
xhr.open('GET','http://127.0.0.1:8000/json-server')
//自动转换 设置响应体的数据类型
xhr.responseType='json'
xhr.send()
xhr.onreadystatechange=function(){
if(xhr.readyState==4){
if(xhr.status>=200 && xhr.status<=300){
// result.innerHTML=xhr.response//此时返回的是一个字符串。
//手动转换
// let data=JSON.parse(xhr.response)
// console.log(data);
// result.innerHTML=data.name
console.log(xhr.response);
result.innerHTML=xhr.response.name
}
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
result.innerHTML=xhr.response返回的是一个字符串。我们若采用手动转换的话要使用JSON.parse()方法。
另外我们可以设置响应体的数据类型,从而达到自动转换的效果。
xhr.responseType='json
超时和网络异常
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>超时</title>
<style>
#result{
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
border: 1px solid red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<button>发送请求</button>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>
const btn = document.getElementsByTagName('button')[0];
const result = document.querySelector('#result');
btn.addEventListener('click', function(){
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
//超时设置
xhr.timeout=2000
//超时回调
xhr.ontimeout=function(){
alert('网络异常,请稍后再试')
}
//网络异常回调
xhr.onerror=function(){
alert('网络似乎出现了点问题')
}
xhr.open("GET",'http://127.0.0.1:8000/delay')
xhr.send();
xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){
if(xhr.readyState === 4){
if(xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status< 300){
result.innerHTML = xhr.response;
}
}
}
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
//超时设置
xhr.timeout=2000
//超时回调
xhr.ontimeout=function(){
alert('网络异常,请稍后再试')
}
//网络异常回调
xhr.onerror=function(){
alert('网
取消发送请求
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>取消请求</title>
</head>
<body>
<button>点击发送</button>
<button>点击取消</button>
<script>
//获取元素
const btns=document.querySelectorAll('button')
let x=null
btns[0].onclick=function(){
x=new XMLHttpRequest()
x.open('GET','http://127.0.0.1:8000/delay')
x.send()
}
// abort
btns[1].onclick=function(){
x.abort()
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
我们设置的是1秒后发送ajax请求,如果我们在1秒内点击取消发送则状态码将会变成cancled