R语言-datacamp笔记-introduction to R-3 factor

R语言-datacamp笔记-introduction to R-3 factor

datacamp-introduction to R-3 factor因子

1. What’s a factor and why would you use it?
   (1) R将变量分为连续变量和分类变量
   分类变量：性别是一个典型例子

  `# Assign to the variable theory what this chapter is about!
	theory <- "factors"`

2. What’s a factor and why would you use it? (2)
   (1) 在R中创建因子，可以用factor()函数：
   首先创造一个向量，它包含对一个数量有限的类别的所有观察。例如：

   # Sex vector
    sex_vector <- c("Male", "Female", "Female", "Male", "Male")

这个例子有两个类别，R的术语是“因素水平”（factor levels）
factor()函数将向量转换成因子：

   # Convert sex_vector to a factor
    factor_sex_vector <- factor(sex_vector)

输出得到结果

   # Print out factor_sex_vector
	factor_sex_vector

factor_sex_vector
[1] Male   Female Female Male   Male  
Levels: Female Male

3. What’s a factor and why would you use it? (3)
   (1) 分类变量可以进一步分为：名称类别变量和序数类别变量（nominal categorical variable和 ordinal categorical variable）.
   A.名称类别变量不隐含顺序，即无价值排序。比如动物分类：

    # Animals
	animals_vector <- c("Elephant", "Giraffe", "Donkey", "Horse")
	factor_animals_vector <- factor(animals_vector)
	factor_animals_vector

运行结果

    # Animals
	animals_vector <- c("Elephant", "Giraffe", "Donkey", "Horse")
	factor_animals_vector <- factor(animals_vector)
	factor_animals_vector
	[1] Elephant Giraffe  Donkey   Horse   
	Levels: Donkey Elephant Giraffe Horse

B.相反，序数类别变量隐含自然顺序，有价值排序。比如温度分类：

	# Temperature
	temperature_vector <- c("High", "Low", "High","Low", "Medium")
	factor_temperature_vector <- factor(temperature_vector, order = TRUE, levels = c("Low", "Medium", "High"))
	factor_temperature_vector

运行结果

	# Temperature
	temperature_vector <- c("High", "Low", "High","Low", "Medium")
	factor_temperature_vector <- factor(temperature_vector, order = TRUE, levels = c("Low", "Medium", "High"))
	factor_temperature_vector
	[1] High   Low    High   Low    Medium
	Levels: Low < Medium < High

4. Factor levels
   (1) 用levels()函数来改变默认分类标准。

   # Code to build factor_survey_vector
	survey_vector <- c("M", "F", "F", "M", "M")
	factor_survey_vector <- factor(survey_vector)
	factor_survey_vector

运行结果

[1] M F F M M
Levels: F M

指定分类标准

	# Specify the levels of factor_survey_vector
	levels(factor_survey_vector) <- c("Female", "Male")
	factor_survey_vector

运行结果

	[1] Male   Female Female Male   Male  
	Levels: Female Male

5. summary()函数
   (1) R用lsummary()函数来快速概述一个变量。

	# Build factor_survey_vector with clean levels
	survey_vector <- c("M", "F", "F", "M", "M")
	factor_survey_vector <- factor(survey_vector)
	levels(factor_survey_vector) <- c("Female", "Male")
	factor_survey_vector
	# Generate summary for survey_vector
	summary(survey_vector)
	# Generate summary for factor_survey_vector
	summary(factor_survey_vector)

运行结果

> factor_survey_vector
[1] Male   Female Female Male   Male  
Levels: Female Male

> summary(survey_vector)
   Length     Class      Mode 
        5 character character 
        
> summary(factor_survey_vector)
Female   Male 
     2      3 

6. 检测名称类别变量是否能比较大小
   (1) R中名称类别变量不能比较大小

	# Build factor_survey_vector with clean levels
	survey_vector <- c("M", "F", "F", "M", "M")
	factor_survey_vector <- factor(survey_vector)
	levels(factor_survey_vector) <- c("Female", "Male")
	
	# Male
	male <- factor_survey_vector[1]
	
	# Female
	female <- factor_survey_vector[2]
	
	# Battle of the sexes: Male 'larger' than female?
	male > female

运行结果

> male > female
[1] NA
Warning message:
In Ops.factor(male, female) : ‘>’ not meaningful for factors

7. 有序因子
   (1) R中序数类别变量能比较大小
   需添加两个参数
   ordered - 是否排序
   levels - 顺序：从左至右 从小到大

	# Create speed_vector
	speed_vector <- c("medium", "slow", "slow", "medium", "fast")
	
	# Convert speed_vector to ordered factor vector
	factor_speed_vector <- factor(speed_vector, ordered = TRUE, levels = c("slow", "medium", "fast"))
	
	# Print factor_speed_vector
	factor_speed_vector
	summary(factor_speed_vector)

运行结果

> factor_speed_vector
[1] medium slow   slow   medium fast  
Levels: slow < medium < fast
> summary(factor_speed_vector)
  slow medium   fast 
     2      2      1 

序数类别变量能够比较大小

	# Create factor_speed_vector
	speed_vector <- c("medium", "slow", "slow", "medium", "fast")
	factor_speed_vector <- factor(speed_vector, ordered = TRUE, levels = c("slow", "medium", "fast"))
	
	# Factor value for second data analyst
	da2 <- factor_speed_vector[2]
	
	# Factor value for fifth data analyst
	da5 <- factor_speed_vector[5]
	
	# Is data analyst 2 faster than data analyst 5?
	da2 > da5

运行结果

> da2 > da5
[1] FALSE