Scala的模式匹配

匹配字符串

object Demo1 extends App{
  private val arr = Array("Hello","ABC","word")
  // 						随机下标 	数组的长度
  private val name = arr(Random.nextInt(arr.length))
  // 相当于switch
  name match {
    case "Hello" => println("Hello")
    case "ABC" => println("ABC")
    case "word" => println("word")
    case _ => println("其他的")
  }
}

请参考下划线的理解

匹配类型

object CaseDemo01 extends App{
  val arr = Array("hello", 1, 2.0)
  val v = arr(Random.nextInt(arr.length))
  v match {
    case x: Int => println("Int " + x)
    case y: Double if(y >= 0) => println("Double "+ y)
    case z: String => println("String " + z)
    case _ => throw new Exception("not match exception")
  }
}

匹配数组、元组、集合

object Demo3 extends App{
  val arr = Array(1, 3, 5)
  arr match {
    case Array(1, x, y) => println(x + " " + y) //执行
    case Array(0) => println("only 0")
    case Array(0, _*) => println("0 ...")
    case _ => println("something else")
  }

  val lst = List(3, -1)
  lst match {
    case 0 :: Nil => println("only 0")
    case x :: y :: Nil => println(s"x: $x y: $y") //执行
    case 0 :: tail => println("0 ...")
    case _ => println("something else")
  }

  val tup = (1, 3, 7)
  tup match {
    case (1, x, y) => println(s"1, $x , $y") //执行
    case (_, z, 5) => println(z)
    case  _ => println("else")
  }
}

Option类型

在Scala中Option类型用样例类来表示可能存在或者可能不存在的值(Option的子类有Some和None)。Some包装了某个值，None表示没有值

object OptionDemo {
  def main(args: Array[String]) {
    val map = Map("a" -> 1, "b" -> 2)
    val v = map.get("b") match {
      case Some(i) => i
      case None => 0
    }
    println(v)  // 2
    //更好的方式
    val v1 = map.getOrElse("c", 0)
    println(v1)   // 0
  }
}