Mysql表按照日期字段的年月分区

一、创键表时直接设置分区

CREATE TABLE your_table_name (
    id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    sale_date DATE NOT NULL,
    amount DECIMAL(10, 2) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (id, sale_date)
) PARTITION BY RANGE COLUMNS(sale_date) (
    PARTITION p2020_01 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-02-01'),
    PARTITION p2020_02 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-03-01'),
    PARTITION p2020_03 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-04-01'),
    PARTITION p2021_01 VALUES LESS THAN ('2021-02-01'),
    PARTITION p_max VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE)
);

二、已有表分区

1、分区的前置条件

确保主键或唯一键包含分区键，若已经创建表可以修改

ALTER TABLE your_table_name DROP PRIMARY KEY;

ALTER TABLE your_table_name 
ADD PRIMARY KEY (id, xxdate);

2、分区操作

查询需要分区的日期字段所含有的年月

SELECT DISTINCT DATE_FORMAT(xxdate, '%Y-%m') AS YM
FROM your_table_name 
ORDER BY YM;

根据上面sql语句查询的年月数据创建分区

# 我这只有202307、202308两个月数据
ALTER TABLE your_table_name 
PARTITION BY RANGE COLUMNS(xxdate) (
    PARTITION p2023_07 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-08-01'),
    PARTITION p2023_08 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-09-01'),
    PARTITION p_max VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE)
);

三、验证

EXPLAIN  SELECT * from your_table_name where xxdate BETWEEN '2023-07-01' and '2023-07-31';

partitions 命中一个目标分区则分区成功，如：partitions列的值为 p2023_07

四、注意

如果有新的月份分区需要增加，则需要手动去修改，否则归为p_max分区影响查询效率

ALTER TABLE your_table_name 
PARTITION BY RANGE COLUMNS(xxdate) (
    PARTITION p2023_07 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-08-01'),
    PARTITION p2023_08 VALUES LESS THAN ('2023-09-01'),
    # 在这里添加
    PARTITION p_max VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE)
);