LinkedHashMap浅析
LinkedHashMap的插入有序性
LinkedHashMap是HashMap的一个子类。有很多的方法多是直接继承父类。最主要的区别是LinkedHashMap实现了一个继承HashMap.Node的内部类Entry
static class Entry<K,V> extends HashMap.Node<K,V> {
Entry<K,V> before, after;
Entry(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
super(hash, key, value, next);
}
}
可以看到内部定义了两个Entry bofore和after,很明显LinkedHashMap维护的是一个双向的链表。
Node<K,V> newNode(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> e) {
LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> p =
new LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V>(hash, key, value, e);
// 将put的数据添加到链表尾部
linkNodeLast(p);
return p;
}
private void linkNodeLast(LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> p) {
LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> last = tail;
// 更新队尾元素
tail = p;
if (last == null)
head = p;
else {
p.before = last;
last.after = p;
}
}
在LinkedHashMap并么有对put方法进行重写,但是重写了newNode方法这是很重要的。执行put方法后,父类的putVal()方法执行的是LinkedHashMap的newNode。在newNode中在创建完Entry后调用linkNodeLast方法对put的数据插入到链表尾部。可以看出,LinkedHashMap对于插入有序性的保证是依靠内部维护的一个双向链表实现的。
LinkedHashMap的访问顺序性
public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
super(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
accessOrder = false;
}
public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity) {
super(initialCapacity);
accessOrder = false;
}
public LinkedHashMap() {
super();
accessOrder = false;
}
public LinkedHashMap(int initialCapacity,
float loadFactor,
boolean accessOrder) {
super(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
this.accessOrder = accessOrder;
}
The iteration ordering method for this linked hash map: true
for access-order, false for insertion-order.
LinkedHashMap默认是插入有序性(accessOrder=false)的。accessOrder=true是访问有序的。由于LinkedHashMap没有重写HashMap的put方法,但是HashMap留了几个回调接口共其子类实现。
void afterNodeAccess(Node<K,V> p) { }
void afterNodeInsertion(boolean evict) { }
void afterNodeRemoval(Node<K,V> p) { }
HashMap.putVal
final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
boolean evict) {
…………
afterNodeInsertion(evict);
return null;
}
LinkedHashMap.afterNodeInsertion
void afterNodeInsertion(boolean evict) { // possibly remove eldest
LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> first;
// 满足条件删除头元素
if (evict && (first = head) != null && removeEldestEntry(first)) {
K key = first.key;
removeNode(hash(key), key, null, false, true);
}
}
HashMap.removeNode
final Node<K,V> removeNode(int hash, Object key, Object value,
boolean matchValue, boolean movable) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, index;
// table不为空,且删除的元素存在
if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
(p = tab[index = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
Node<K,V> node = null, e; K k; V v;
// 判断index位置的p是否为要删除的元素(因为HashMap的数据结构为数组+链表,可能hash相同,但是所要删除的key不在链表开头)
if (p.hash == hash &&
((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
node = p;
else if ((e = p.next) != null) {
// 判断p是否成长为红黑树结构
if (p instanceof TreeNode)
node = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).getTreeNode(hash, key);
else {
// 遍历index处的链表
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key ||
(key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
node = e;
break;
}
p = e;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
// 再次进行验证
if (node != null && (!matchValue || (v = node.value) == value ||
(value != null && value.equals(v)))) {
// 判断该节点是否为树节点,如果树节点则调用removeTreeNode方法
if (node instanceof TreeNode)
((TreeNode<K,V>)node).removeTreeNode(this, tab, movable);
// 如果被删除节点为链表的头节点,则设置下一个节点为头节点
else if (node == p)
tab[index] = node.next;
else
p.next = node.next;
++modCount;
--size;
// 去更改在LinkedHashMap中的值(解除node的链接)
afterNodeRemoval(node);
return node;
}
}
return null;
}
LinkedHashMap.afterNdoeRemoval
void afterNodeRemoval(Node<K,V> e) { // unlink
LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> p =
(LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V>)e, b = p.before, a = p.after;
p.before = p.after = null;
if (b == null)
head = a;
else
b.after = a;
if (a == null)
tail = b;
else
a.before = b;
}
LinkedHashMap.get
public V get(Object key) {
Node<K,V> e;
if ((e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null)
return null;
// 如果是访问顺序,则在get后调用afterNodeAceess 去更改key的位置
if (accessOrder)
afterNodeAccess(e);
return e.value;
}
LinkedHashMap.afterNodeAccess 如果访问
void afterNodeAccess(Node<K,V> e) { // move node to last
LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> last;
// get的key不能是尾节点,因为如果是尾节点就没必要调换顺序了(最近访问的在链表的最尾部)
// 同样如果put的key以及存在,那么也会调用该方法来改变顺序
if (accessOrder && (last = tail) != e) {
LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> p =
(LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V>)e, b = p.before, a = p.after;
p.after = null;
if (b == null)
head = a;
else
b.after = a;
if (a != null)
a.before = b;
else
last = b;
if (last == null)
head = p;
else {
p.before = last;
last.after = p;
}
tail = p;
++modCount;
}
}
采用LinkedHashMap对LRU的简单实现
public class LRUTest {
private static int size = 5;
public static void main(String[] args) {
LinkedHashMap<String, String> map = new LinkedHashMap<String, String>(size, 0.75f, true){
// 设置该缓存区为5个大小,超过5个大小则开始清理最少访问的
@Override
protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry<String, String> eldest) {
return this.size() > size;
}
};
map.put("1", "1");
map.put("2", "2");
map.put("5", "5");
map.put("3", "3");
map.put("4", "4");
System.out.println(map.toString());
map.put("6", "6");
System.out.println(map.toString());
map.get("3");
System.out.println(map.toString());
map.put("7", "7");
System.out.println(map.toString());
map.get("5");
System.out.println(map.toString());
}
}