容器数据卷概念
docker是将应用和环境打包成为一个镜像,使得安装和部署非常的方便,比如部署一个nginx只需要拉去nginx的镜像,然后运行即可,但是有下面几个问题:
- 每次修改nginx的配置都需要进容器内部
- 当我删除容器的时候,是不是里面的数据也没有了,比如mysql环境,删除了容器那里面的数据呢?
而卷技术便解决了上面两个问题,卷技术简单来说就是将容器内的目录挂载在宿主机上,使得容器数据可以持久化和同步操作,容器之间也可以共享数据
使用方式
方式一 使用-v命令挂载
docker run -it -v 主机目录:容器内目录 -p 主机端口:容器内端口
docker run -it -v /home/ceshi:/home centos /bin/bash
上面命令代表在运行容器的时候,将容器内的/home挂载到宿主机上的/home/ceshi目录下使用docker inspect可以查看一些mount挂载的信息
[root@tdsql_1 ceshi]# docker inspect 96aca19b9145
[
{
"Id": "96aca19b9145c3a9b7628f5e4b73a04e79f61b59f30cef0e6ab8796f191d4eaf",
"Created": "2021-07-06T12:24:31.364372569Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 6277,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-07-06T12:24:31.798646041Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/96aca19b9145c3a9b7628f5e4b73a04e79f61b59f30cef0e6ab8796f191d4eaf/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/96aca19b9145c3a9b7628f5e4b73a04e79f61b59f30cef0e6ab8796f191d4eaf/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/96aca19b9145c3a9b7628f5e4b73a04e79f61b59f30cef0e6ab8796f191d4eaf/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/96aca19b9145c3a9b7628f5e4b73a04e79f61b59f30cef0e6ab8796f191d4eaf/96aca19b9145c3a9b7628f5e4b73a04e79f61b59f30cef0e6ab8796f191d4eaf-json.log",
"Name": "/amazing_payne",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": [
"/home/ceshi:/home"
],
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e62465f48e5dd0e9390534740acecb638d709e78f6c05d11c2bab19ac7e77f3f-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/befa06fe1565c827dea4aeb67c401007b11b688abbe6160f61879f1b397050d9/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e62465f48e5dd0e9390534740acecb638d709e78f6c05d11c2bab19ac7e77f3f/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e62465f48e5dd0e9390534740acecb638d709e78f6c05d11c2bab19ac7e77f3f/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e62465f48e5dd0e9390534740acecb638d709e78f6c05d11c2bab19ac7e77f3f/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [ ###挂载的信息
{
"Type": "bind",
"Source": "/home/ceshi", # 源目录
"Destination": "/home", # 目标目录
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": "rprivate"
}
],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "96aca19b9145",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "b863c618c9d0027e406a0356a0efe553f0b5df227387047b88530a986e4f4da4",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/b863c618c9d0",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "088b0c2a122c77004b45b7cd562f0ccbef9d3fd88384bb5f1d1db862df2631f6",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "4eda75cb17cbe081c641e9cfd2a564b862de230ee5e4105cdd2d3510cc5eb714",
"EndpointID": "088b0c2a122c77004b45b7cd562f0ccbef9d3fd88384bb5f1d1db862df2631f6",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
使用容器卷技术即使docker的容器被删除了,数据仍然保存在宿主机本地
案例:MySQL数据挂载
docker run --name mysql01 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD='root' -d -p 3355:3306 -v /home/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql mysql:5.7
具名挂载和匿名挂载
# 匿名挂载
docker run -d -p 4433:80 --name nginx02 -v /etc/nginx nginx
使用匿名挂载之后可以使用docker inspect
查看挂载情况
也可以使用docker volume
查看卷的挂载情况
[root@tdsql_1 ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER VOLUME NAME
local b7779776e94e3ab10119a09735f9a01ee9bf54cb2363a292bb8a771a2876e8a5
# 具名挂载
docker run -d -p 4455:80 --name nginx03 -v juming-nginx:/etc/nginx nginx
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-TErdgxJh-1625625681922)(docker–容器数据卷技术.assets/
[root@tdsql_1 ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER VOLUME NAME
local b7779776e94e3ab10119a09735f9a01ee9bf54cb2363a292bb8a771a2876e8a5
local juming-nginx
三种挂载方式的区别:
- -v 容器内路径 匿名挂载
- -v 卷名:容器内路径 具名挂载
- -v /宿主机路径:容器内路径 指定路径挂载
方式二 使用Dockerfile的方式进行挂载
编写Dockerfile
FROM centos
VOLUME ["/volume01","/volume02"]
CMD echo "-----end------"
CMD /bin/bash
然后进行build成为镜像
docker build -f Dockerfile -t myimg2 .
需要注意的是 如果在编写Dockerfile文件的时候,在VOLUME下没有使用绝对路径的话会报出一个错误
docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: invalid mount {Destination:volume01 Type:bind Source:/var/lib/docker/volumes/ca79be69e78e8c839b95c8bdd9353b86978cdfac3e742956d793327545a4fa1e/_data Options:[rbind]}: mount destination volume01 not absolute: unknown.
ERRO[0000] error waiting for container: context canceled
运行这个镜像
docker run -it myimg2
docker inspect
查看信息
方式三:数据卷容器
数据卷容器用于多个容器之间的数据挂载,例如运行多个MySQL实例,需要在多个mysql之间共享数据的场景
--volumes-from
➜ ~ docker run -d -p 3306:3306 -v /home/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /home/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql01 mysql:5.7
➜ ~ docker run -d -p 3307:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 --name mysql02 --volumes-from mysql01 mysql:5.7
# 这个时候,可以实现两个容器数据同步!
容器之间的配置信息的传递,使用数据卷容器,那么数据的生命周期是到没有任何容器使用为止