06.SpringBoot高级应用——热部署实现、异常处理、单元测试和整合Shiro

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-31 19:37:41 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-31 19:37:41 发布

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分类专栏： # SpringBoot

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44707283/article/details/117432498

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8 篇文章 1 订阅

订阅专栏

一、热部署

为了提高我们的开发效率，我们可以放开IDEA中的SpringBoot项目的热部署操作

1.放开配置

在IDEA中默认是没有放开热部署操作的，我们需要手动的放开设置
在这里插入图片描述

2.注册

Ctrl+Shift+Alt+/ 快捷键，会出现一个弹出界面，选择Registry
在这里插入图片描述

3.添加devtools依赖

        <!-- 添加热部署的加载 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>

二、异常处理

1.自定义错误页面

SpringBoot默认的处理异常的机制，一旦程序出现了异常SpringBoot会向URL发送请求，在SpringBoot中提供了一个BasicExceptionController来处理/error请求，然后跳转到默认显示异常的页面来展示异常信息
在这里插入图片描述
如果我们需要将所有的异常统一跳转到我们自定义的错误页面，需要在src/main/resources/template目录下创建一个error.html页面，注意名称必须是error.html

要加上依赖才有效果

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>

2.@ExceptionHandle注解

2.1 控制器

package com.biao.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
public class UseController {

    @RequestMapping("/show1")
    public String showInfo() {
        String name = null;
        // 模拟空指针
        name.length();
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/show2")
    public String showInfo2() {
        // 模拟空指针
        int a = 1/0;
        return "index";
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(value = {NullPointerException.class})
    public ModelAndView nullPointerExceptionHandler(Exception e){
        ModelAndView mm = new ModelAndView();
        mm.addObject("error",e.toString());
        mm.setViewName("error1");
        return mm;
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(value = {ArithmeticException.class})
    public ModelAndView arithmeticExceptionHandler(Exception e){
        ModelAndView mm = new ModelAndView();
        mm.addObject("error",e.toString());
        mm.setViewName("error2");
        return mm;
    }
}

2.2 错误页面

在这里插入图片描述

3.@ControllerAdvice注解

上面的实现将控制器和异常处理的方法卸载了一块，显然不太合理，这时我们可以通过@ControllerAdvice注解来实现解耦

3.1 GlobalException控制器

package com.biao.exception;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalException {

    @ExceptionHandler(value = {NullPointerException.class})
    public ModelAndView nullPointerExceptionHandler(Exception e){
        ModelAndView mm = new ModelAndView();
        mm.addObject("error",e.toString());
        mm.setViewName("error1");
        return mm;
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(value = {ArithmeticException.class})
    public ModelAndView arithmeticExceptionHandler(Exception e){
        ModelAndView mm = new ModelAndView();
        mm.addObject("error",e.toString());
        mm.setViewName("error2");
        return mm;
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

3.2 控制类

package com.biao.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
public class UseController {

    @RequestMapping("/show1")
    public String showInfo() {
        String name = null;
        // 模拟空指针
        name.length();
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/show2")
    public String showInfo2() {
        // 模拟空指针
        int a = 1/0;
        return "index";
    }


}

4.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver

我们还可以通过SimpleMappingExceptionResolver来简化我们的异常处理

package com.biao;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver;

import java.util.Properties;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootDemo10Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootDemo10Application.class, args);
    }

    /**
     * 通过SimpleMappingExceptionResolver 设置特定异常和处理器的映射关系
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public SimpleMappingExceptionResolver getSimpleMappingExceptionResolver(){
        SimpleMappingExceptionResolver resolver = new SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("java.lang.NullPointerException","error1");
        properties.setProperty("java.lang.ArithmeticException","error2");
        resolver.setExceptionMappings(properties);
        return resolver;
    }
}

5.HandleExceptionResolver处理

我们上面讲的SimpleMappingExceptionResolver本质上就是实现HandleExceptionResolver的。
在这里插入图片描述
所以我们也可以自己实现HandleExceptionResolver接口

package com.biao.exception;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@Component
public class MyHandleExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
    @Override
    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) {
        ModelAndView mm = new ModelAndView();
        if (e instanceof NullPointerException){
            mm.setViewName("error1");
        }else if (e instanceof ArithmeticException){
            mm.setViewName("error2");
        }else {
            mm.setViewName("error");
        }
        return mm;
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

三、单元测试

为了提高在开发过程中的效率，我们可以通过SpringBoot中提供的单元测试来快速测试Service和dao的业务逻辑

1.依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

2.业务逻辑

package com.biao.service.impl;

import com.biao.service.IUserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {

    @Override
    public List<String> query() {
        return Arrays.asList("张三","李四","王五");
    }
}

3.测试

package com.biao;

import com.biao.service.IUserService;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

@SpringBootTest
class SpringbootDemo12ApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private IUserService service;

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        System.out.println("---->" + service.query());
    }

    @BeforeEach
    void before(){
        System.out.println("before ...");
    }

    @AfterEach
    void after(){
        System.out.println("after ..");
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

四、整合Shiro

1.项目准备

创建一个SpringBoot项目整合MyBatis，Thymeleaf，SpringMVC等并创建相关的配置文件和Service逻辑。

1.1 项目依赖

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.9</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

1.2 属性配置文件

server.port=8082

# 配置JDBC的相关信息
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/logistics?characterEncoding=utf-8&serverTimezone=UTC
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=123456

# 配置连接池
spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource

# 配置MyBatis的package的别名
mybatis.type-aliases-package=com.biao.pojo

# 指定映射文件的位置
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mapper/*.xml

1.3 持久层相关代码

通过MyBatis Generator自动生成持久层的相关代码（t_user表）或者从之前的货运系统中拷贝对应的代码
在这里插入图片描述

1.4 Service的逻辑实现

1.4.1 接口

package com.biao.service;

import com.biao.pojo.User;

import java.util.List;

public interface IUserService {

    public User login(String userName);

    public List<User> query(User user);
}

1.4.2 实现

package com.biao.service.impl;

import com.biao.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.biao.pojo.User;
import com.biao.pojo.UserExample;
import com.biao.service.IUserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {

    @Autowired
    public UserMapper mapper;

    @Override
    public User login(String userName) {
        User user = new User();
        user.setUserName(userName);
        List<User> list = this.query(user);
        if (list != null && list.size() == 1){
            return list.get(0);
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public List<User> query(User user) {
        UserExample example = new UserExample();
        UserExample.Criteria criteria = example.createCriteria();
        if (user != null){
            if (!"".equals(user.getUserName()) && user.getUserName() != null){
                criteria.andUserNameEqualTo(user.getUserName());
            }
        }
        return mapper.selectByExample(example);
    }
}

2. Shiro整合

2.1 添加shiro依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
            <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>

2.2 自定义Realm

package com.biao.realm;

import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationException;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.AuthenticationToken;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;

public class MyRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {

    /**
     * 认证
     * @param authenticationToken
     * @return
     * @throws AuthenticationException
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 授权
     * @param principalCollection
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
        return null;
    }


}

2.3 Shiro的配置（利用java配置类）

package com.biao.config;

import com.biao.realm.MyRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.credential.CredentialsMatcher;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.credential.HashedCredentialsMatcher;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.Realm;
import org.apache.shiro.spring.web.ShiroFilterFactoryBean;
import org.apache.shiro.web.mgt.DefaultWebSecurityManager;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.SecurityManager;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {

    /**
     * 配置凭证匹配器
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public HashedCredentialsMatcher hashedCredentialsMatcher(){
        HashedCredentialsMatcher matcher = new HashedCredentialsMatcher();
        matcher.setHashAlgorithmName("md5");
        matcher.setHashIterations(1024);
        return matcher;
    }

    /**
     * 注册自定义的MyRealm
     * @param hashedCredentialsMatcher
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public MyRealm myRealm(CredentialsMatcher hashedCredentialsMatcher){
        MyRealm realm = new MyRealm();
        realm.setCredentialsMatcher(hashedCredentialsMatcher);
        return realm;
    }

    /**
     * 注册SecurityManager对象
     * @param myRealm
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public SecurityManager securityManager(Realm myRealm){
        DefaultWebSecurityManager manager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
        manager.setRealm(myRealm);
        return manager;
    }

    /**
     * 注册 ShiroFilterFactoryBean
     * @return
     */
    @Bean(name = "shiroFilter")
    public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean(SecurityManager manager){
        ShiroFilterFactoryBean filter = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
        filter.setSecurityManager(manager);
        filter.setLoginUrl("/login.do");
        filter.setSuccessUrl("/success.html");
        filter.setUnauthorizedUrl("/refuse.html");
        //设置过滤器
        Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("/css","anon");
        map.put("/img/**","anon");
        map.put("/js/**","anon");
        map.put("/login","anon");
        map.put("/login.do","authc");
        map.put("/**","authc");
        filter.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(map);
        return filter;
    }
}

3.测试

添加对应的测试文件
在这里插入图片描述

3.1 Controller代码

3.1.1 loginController

package com.biao.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class LoginController {

    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String goLoginPage(){
        return "login";
    }
}

3.2 UserController

package com.biao.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping("/query")
    public String query(){
        System.out.println("----user query----");
        return "user";
    }
}

4.认证过程

4.1自定义Realm

在自定义Realm中完成认证逻辑

package com.biao.realm;

import com.biao.pojo.User;
import com.biao.service.IUserService;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.authz.AuthorizationInfo;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.AuthorizingRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.PrincipalCollection;
import org.apache.shiro.util.SimpleByteSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

public class MyRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {

    @Autowired
    private IUserService service;

    /**
     * 认证
     * @param authenticationToken
     * @return
     * @throws AuthenticationException
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException {
        UsernamePasswordToken token =(UsernamePasswordToken) authenticationToken;
        String userName = token.getUsername();
        User user = new User();
        user.setUserName(userName);
        // 账号验证
        user = service.login(userName);
        if (user == null){
            return null;
        }
        return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user,user.getPassword(),new SimpleByteSource(user.getU1()),"myRealm");
    }

    /**
     * 授权
     * @param principalCollection
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
        return null;
    }


}

4.2 控制器

在控制器中完成认证失败的处理

package com.biao.controller;

import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.web.filter.authc.FormAuthenticationFilter;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

@Controller
public class LoginController {

    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String goLoginPage(){
        return "login";
    }
    
    @RequestMapping("/login.do")
    public String login(HttpServletRequest request){
        Object obj = request.getAttribute(FormAuthenticationFilter.DEFAULT_ERROR_KEY_ATTRIBUTE_NAME);
        System.out.println("认证错误的信息" + obj);
        return "/login";
    }
    
    @RequestMapping("/logout")
    public String logout(){
        SecurityUtils.getSubject().logout();
        return "/login";
    }
}

4.3 登录页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>登录页面</h1>
    <form th:action="@{/login.do}" method="post">
        账号：<input type="text" name="username"><br>
        密码：<input type="password" name="password"><br>
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

5.授权操作

5.1 注解的使用

我们需要开启SpringMVC对Shiro授权注解的支持

5.1.1 在shiro的配置类中

    /**
     * 开启对shiro授权注解的支持
     * @param securityManager
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor(SecurityManager securityManager){
        AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor advisor = new AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor();
        advisor.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
        return advisor;
    }

5.1.2 在自定义Realm中添加权限

    /**
     * 授权
     * @param principalCollection
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
        User user = (User) principalCollection.getPrimaryPrincipal();
        System.out.println("获取授权的账号：" + user.getUserName());
        SimpleAuthorizationInfo info = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
        info.addRole("role1");
        return info;
    }

5.1.3 添加依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
        </dependency>

5.1.4 启动类加上注解放开的支持

在这里插入图片描述

5.1.5 测试没有权限的错误

在这里插入图片描述

5.1.6 异常页面处理

在这里插入图片描述

    /**
     * 全局异常处理器
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public SimpleMappingExceptionResolver simpleMappingExceptionResolver(){
        SimpleMappingExceptionResolver resolver = new SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.put("org.apache.shiro.authz.UnauthorizedException","/403");
        resolver.setExceptionMappings(properties);
        return resolver;
    }

5.2 标签的使用

5.2.1 添加标签shiro的依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.theborakompanioni</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-shiro</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0</version>
        </dependency>

5.2.2 在shiro配置类中注入

    @Bean
    public ShiroDialect shiroDialect(){
        return new ShiroDialect();
    }

在这里插入图片描述

5.2.3 在页面中实现处理

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
    xmlns:shiro="http://www.pollix.at/thymeleaf/shiro"
>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>用户管理</h1>


    <shiro:authenticated>
        已登录:<shiro:principal property="userName"></shiro:principal>
    </shiro:authenticated>
    <a href="#" shiro:hasRole="role1">用户查询</a>
    <a href="#" shiro:hasRole="role1">用户添加</a>
    <a href="#" shiro:hasRole="role2">用户修改</a>
    <a href="#" shiro:hasRole="role2">用户删除</a>
</body>
</html>

5.2.4 实现效果

在这里插入图片描述

一鸭一鸭唷

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06.SpringBoot高级应用——热部署实现、异常处理、单元测试和整合Shiro

一、热部署为了提高我们的开发效率，我们可以放开IDEA中的SpringBoot项目的热部署操作1.放开配置在IDEA中默认是没有放开热部署操作的，我们需要手动的放开设置2.注册Ctrl+Shift+Alt+/ 快捷键，会出现一个弹出界面，选择Registry3.添加devtools依赖  <dependency> <groupId>org.springframew
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