C++ Primer习题集 第5版 练习8.6答案解答

Sales_data.h

#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Sales_data {

public:
	Sales_data() = default; //默认构造函数

	//带一个参数的构造函数
	Sales_data(const string& book) : bookNo(book),
	units_sold(0),sellingprice(0),saleprice(0),
	discount(0){ }
	

/*
	//委托构造函数
	Sales_data(const string& book, unsigned num, 
		double sellp,double salep) :bookNo(book),
		units_sold(num),sellingprice(sellp)
		,saleprice(salep) {
		if (sellingprice)
			discount = saleprice / sellingprice;
		cout << "该构造函数接受书号、销售量、原价、实际售价四个信息" << endl;
	}

	//委托构造函数
	Sales_data() :Sales_data("", 0, 0, 0) {
		cout << "该构造函数无须接受任何信息" << endl;
	}

	//委托构造函数
	Sales_data(const string& book) :Sales_data(book, 0, 0, 0) {
		cout << "该构造函数接受书号信息" << endl;
	}

	//委托构造函数
	Sales_data(istream& is) :Sales_data() {
		read(is, *this);
		cout << "该构造函数接受用户输入的信息" << endl;
	}

*/

/*
	Sales_data(const string& book, unsigned sold, double sell,
		double sale) :bookNo(book), units_sold(sold),
		sellingprice(sell), saleprice(sale) {

		if (sellingprice) {
			discount = saleprice / sellingprice;
		}
		cout << "此构造函数接受4个参数" << endl;
	}

	Sales_data(const string& book) :
		Sales_data(book, 0, 0, 0) {
		cout << "此构造函数接受书号信息" << endl;
	}

	Sales_data() :Sales_data("", 0, 0, 0) {
		cout << "此构造函数接受0个参数" << endl;

	}

	Sales_data(istream& is):Sales_data() {
		read(is, *this);
		cout << "此构造函数接受用户输入信息" << endl;
	}
*/




	//自定义的重载构造函数
	/*Sales_data(const string& book, const unsigned num,
		const double sellp, const double salep);*/

	//带一个(ifstream流引用)参数的构造函数
	Sales_data(istream& is) { is >> *this; };


	Sales_data& operator += (const Sales_data&);
	Sales_data& combine(const Sales_data& rhs);

	std::string isbn() const { return bookNo; }

	/*------------------------------------------------------------
	---------------------------------------------------------------*/

	// 友元函数
	friend std::istream& operator >> (std::istream&, Sales_data&);
	// 友元函数
	friend std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream&, const Sales_data&);
	// 友元函数
	//friend bool operator < (const Sales_data&, const Sales_data&);
	
	// 友元函数
	friend bool operator == (const Sales_data&, const Sales_data&);


	friend istream& read(istream&, Sales_data&);

	friend Sales_data Add(const Sales_data& lhs,
		const Sales_data& rhs);

	friend ostream& print(ostream&, const Sales_data&);


	//隐式内联,把avg_price函数定义在Sales_data类的内部
	/*double avg_price()const {
		if (units_sold) {
			return revenue / units_sold;
		}
		else {
			return 0;
		}
	}*/

	//double avg_price()const;


private:

	string bookNo;//书籍编号，隐式初始化为空串
	unsigned units_sold = 0;// 销售量，显式初始化为0
	double sellingprice = 0.0;// 原始价格，显式初始化为 0.0
	double saleprice = 0.0;//实售价格，显式初始化为0.0
	double discount = 0.0;// 折扣，显式初始化为 0.0


};

//显示内联 把avg_price函数定义在Sales_data类的外部,并且指定inline
//inline double Sales_data::avg_price()const {
//
//	if (units_sold) {
//		return revenue / units_sold;
//	}
//	else {
//		return 0;
//	}
//
//}





inline bool compareIsbn(const Sales_data& lhs,
	const Sales_data& rhs)
{
	return lhs.isbn() == rhs.isbn();
}


Sales_data operator + (const Sales_data&,
	const Sales_data&);

inline bool operator == (const Sales_data& lhs,
	const Sales_data& rhs) {

	return lhs.units_sold == rhs.units_sold &&
		lhs.sellingprice == rhs.sellingprice &&

		lhs.saleprice == rhs.saleprice &&
		lhs.isbn() == rhs.isbn();

}


inline bool operator != (const Sales_data& lhs,
	const Sales_data& rhs) {

	return !(lhs == rhs);// 基于运算符==给出！=的定义

}


Sales_data& Sales_data::operator += (const Sales_data& rhs) {

	units_sold += rhs.units_sold; //units_sold = units_sold + rhs.units_sold
	saleprice = (rhs.saleprice * rhs.units_sold + saleprice * units_sold)
		/ (rhs.units_sold + units_sold);
	if (sellingprice != 0)
		discount = saleprice / sellingprice;
	return *this;

}


Sales_data& Sales_data::combine(const Sales_data& rhs)
{
	units_sold += rhs.units_sold;
	saleprice = (rhs.saleprice * rhs.units_sold + saleprice * units_sold) /
		(rhs.units_sold + units_sold);

	if (sellingprice != 0)
		discount = saleprice / sellingprice;
	return *this;
}

Sales_data Add(const Sales_data& lhs,
	const Sales_data& rhs)
{
	Sales_data sum = lhs;
	sum.combine(rhs);
	return sum;
}


Sales_data operator + (const Sales_data& lhs,
	const Sales_data& rhs) {

	Sales_data ret(lhs); //把 lhs 的内容拷贝到临时变量 ret 中，这种做法便于运算
	ret += rhs;// 把 rhs 的内容加入其中
	return ret;// 返回 ret

}


std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& in, Sales_data& s) {

	in >> s.bookNo >> s.units_sold >> s.sellingprice >> s.saleprice;
	if (in && s.sellingprice != 0)
		s.discount = s.saleprice / s.sellingprice;
	else
		s = Sales_data();//输入错误，重置输入的数据
	return in;
}


istream& read(std::istream& in, Sales_data& s)
{
	in >> s.bookNo >> s.units_sold >> s.sellingprice >> s.saleprice;
	if (in && s.sellingprice != 0)
		s.discount = s.saleprice / s.sellingprice;
	else
		s = Sales_data();//输入错误，重置输入的数据
	return in;
}


std::ostream& operator << (std::ostream& out,
	const Sales_data& s) {

	out << "图书编号:" << s.isbn() << " " << "销售量:" << s.units_sold << " "
		<< "原始价格:" << s.sellingprice << " " << "实售价格:" << s.saleprice << " " << "折扣:" << s.discount;
	return out;
}


inline std::ostream& print(std::ostream& out, const Sales_data& s)
{

	out << "图书编号:" << s.isbn() << " " << "销售量:" << s.units_sold << " "
		<< "原始价格:" << s.sellingprice << " " << "实售价格:" << s.saleprice << " " << "折扣:" << s.discount << "\n";
	return out;

}

/*
Sales_data::Sales_data(const string& book, const unsigned num,
	const double sellp, const double salep) {
	bookNo = book;
	units_sold = num;
	sellingprice = sellp;
	saleprice = salep;
}
*/

main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include "Sales_data.h"

using namespace std;

/*
练习8.6:重写7.1.1节的书店程序(第229页),
从一个文件中读取交易记录。
将文件名作为一个参数传递给main (参见6.2.5节,第196页)。
*/
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

	if (argc != 2) {
		cerr << "请给出文件名" << endl;
		return -1;
	}

	ifstream in(argv[1]);
	if (!in) {
		cerr << "无法打开输入文件" << endl;
		return -1;
	}


	Sales_data total;
	if (read(in, total)) {
		Sales_data trans;
		while (read(in, trans)) {
			if (total.isbn() == trans.isbn())
				total.combine(trans);
			else {
				print(cout, total) << endl;
				total = trans;
			}
		}
		print(cout, total) << endl;
	}
	else {
		cerr << "没有数据" << endl;
	}

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

1. 准备前期工作 首先把要读取的文件放在当前.cpp同目录下面，我的是data.txt

2. 文件格式如图下所示

3. VS从命令行获取参数的设置方法

（1）鼠标右键->属性

（2）参照下图设置命令行

程序运行结果如下：