代码随想录算法训练营第十一天| 二叉树:递归遍历、迭代遍历、统一迭代、层序遍历

二叉树遍历方式

二叉树主要有两种遍历方式:

  1. 深度优先遍历:先往深走,遇到叶子节点再往回走。
  2. 广度优先遍历:一层一层的去遍历。

这两种遍历是图论中最基本的两种遍历方式

那么从深度优先遍历和广度优先遍历进一步拓展,才有如下遍历方式:

  • 深度优先遍历
    • 前序遍历(递归法,迭代法)
    • 中序遍历(递归法,迭代法)
    • 后序遍历(递归法,迭代法)
  • 广度优先遍历
    • 层次遍历(迭代法)

在深度优先遍历中:有三个顺序,前中后序遍历。

这里前中后,其实指的就是中间节点的遍历顺序,只要记住前中后序指的就是中间节点的位置就可以了。

看如下中间节点的顺序,就可以发现,中间节点的顺序就是所谓的遍历方式

  • 前序遍历:中左右
  • 中序遍历:左中右
  • 后序遍历:左右中

递归遍历

//递归遍历--前序
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 * int val;
 * TreeNode left;
 * TreeNode right;
 * TreeNode() {}
 * TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 * TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 * this.val = val;
 * this.left = left;
 * this.right = right;
 * }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        method(root, res);
        return res;

    }

    public void method(TreeNode root, List<Integer> list) {
        if (root == null) {
            return;
        }
        list.add(root.val);
        method(root.left, list);
        method(root.right, list);
    }
}
//递归遍历--中序
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 * int val;
 * TreeNode left;
 * TreeNode right;
 * TreeNode() {}
 * TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 * TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 * this.val = val;
 * this.left = left;
 * this.right = right;
 * }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        method(root, res);
        return res;
    }

    public void method(TreeNode node, List<Integer> list) {
        if (node == null) {
            return;
        }
        method(node.left, list);
        list.add(node.val);
        method(node.right, list);
    }
}
//递归遍历--后序
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 * int val;
 * TreeNode left;
 * TreeNode right;
 * TreeNode() {}
 * TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 * TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 * this.val = val;
 * this.left = left;
 * this.right = right;
 * }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        method(root, res);
        return res;
    }

    public void method(TreeNode node, List<Integer> list) {
        if (node == null) {
            return;
        }
        method(node.left, list);
        method(node.right, list);
        list.add(node.val);
    }
}

迭代遍历

//迭代遍历--前序
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 * int val;
 * TreeNode left;
 * TreeNode right;
 * TreeNode() {}
 * TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 * TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 * this.val = val;
 * this.left = left;
 * this.right = right;
 * }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
        if (root == null) {
            return res;
        }
        stack.add(root);
        while (!stack.empty()) {
            TreeNode node = stack.pop();
            res.add(node.val);
            if (node.right != null) {
                stack.push(node.right);
            }
            if (node.left != null) {
                stack.push(node.left);
            }
        }
        return res;

    }
}
//迭代遍历--中序
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 * int val;
 * TreeNode left;
 * TreeNode right;
 * TreeNode() {}
 * TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 * TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 * this.val = val;
 * this.left = left;
 * this.right = right;
 * }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
        TreeNode curr = root;
        while (curr != null || !stack.empty()) {
            if (curr != null) {
                stack.push(curr);
                curr = curr.left;
            } else {
                curr = stack.pop();
                res.add(curr.val);
                curr = curr.right;
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
}
//迭代遍历--后序
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 * int val;
 * TreeNode left;
 * TreeNode right;
 * TreeNode() {}
 * TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 * TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 * this.val = val;
 * this.left = left;
 * this.right = right;
 * }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
        if (root == null) {
            return res;
        }
        stack.push(root);
        while (!stack.empty()) {
            TreeNode node = stack.pop();
            res.add(node.val);
            if (node.left != null) {
                stack.push(node.left);
            }
            if (node.right != null) {
                stack.push(node.right);
            }
        }
        Collections.reverse(res);
        return res;
    }
}

统一迭代遍历

//统一迭代--前序
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 * int val;
 * TreeNode left;
 * TreeNode right;
 * TreeNode() {}
 * TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 * TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 * this.val = val;
 * this.left = left;
 * this.right = right;
 * }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
        if (root == null) {
            return res;
        }
        stack.push(root);
        while (!stack.empty()) {
            TreeNode curr = stack.peek();
            if (curr != null) {
                stack.pop();
                if (curr.right != null) {
                    stack.push(curr.right);
                }
                if (curr.left != null) {
                    stack.push(curr.left);
                }
                stack.push(curr);
                stack.push(null);
            } else {
                stack.pop();
                res.add(stack.pop().val);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
}
//统一迭代--中序
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 * int val;
 * TreeNode left;
 * TreeNode right;
 * TreeNode() {}
 * TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 * TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 * this.val = val;
 * this.left = left;
 * this.right = right;
 * }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
        if (root == null) {
            return res;
        }
        stack.push(root);
        while (!stack.empty()) {
            TreeNode curr = stack.peek();
            if (curr != null) {
                stack.pop();
                if (curr.right != null) {
                    stack.push(curr.right);
                }
                stack.push(curr);
                stack.push(null);
                if (curr.left != null) {
                    stack.push(curr.left);
                }
            } else {
                stack.pop();
                res.add(stack.pop().val);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
}
//统一迭代--后序
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 * int val;
 * TreeNode left;
 * TreeNode right;
 * TreeNode() {}
 * TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 * TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 * this.val = val;
 * this.left = left;
 * this.right = right;
 * }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
        if (root != null) {
            stack.push(root);
        }
        while (!stack.empty()) {
            TreeNode curr = stack.peek();
            if (curr != null) {
                // stack.pop();
                // stack.push(curr);
                stack.push(null);
                if (curr.right != null) {
                    stack.push(curr.right);
                }
                if (curr.left != null) {
                    stack.push(curr.left);
                }
            } else {
                stack.pop();
                res.add(stack.pop().val);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
}

层序遍历

102.二叉树的层序遍历

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 * int val;
 * TreeNode left;
 * TreeNode right;
 * TreeNode() {}
 * TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 * TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 * this.val = val;
 * this.left = left;
 * this.right = right;
 * }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<List<Integer>> levelOrder(TreeNode root) {
        Deque<TreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>();
        if (root != null) {
            queue.addLast(root);
        }
        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
            int size = queue.size();
            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                TreeNode node = queue.removeFirst();
                list.add(node.val);
                if (node.left != null) {
                    queue.addLast(node.left);
                }
                if (node.right != null) {
                    queue.addLast(node.right);
                }
            }
            res.add(list);
        }
        return res;
    }
}
//递归法
/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 * int val;
 * TreeNode left;
 * TreeNode right;
 * TreeNode() {}
 * TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 * TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 * this.val = val;
 * this.left = left;
 * this.right = right;
 * }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<List<Integer>> levelOrder(TreeNode root) {
        List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>();
        int depth = 0;
        method(root, depth, res);
        return res;
    }

    public void method(TreeNode node, int depth, List<List<Integer>> res) {
        if (node == null) {
            return;
        }
        depth++;
        if (res.size() < depth) {
            // 当层级增加时,list的Item也增加,利用list的索引值进行层级界定
            List<Integer> item = new ArrayList<Integer>();
            res.add(item);
        }
        // 通过depth定位到节点位于哪一层
        res.get(depth - 1).add(node.val);
        method(node.left, depth, res);
        method(node.right, depth, res);
    }
}

107.二叉树的层次遍历II

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 * int val;
 * TreeNode left;
 * TreeNode right;
 * TreeNode() {}
 * TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 * TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 * this.val = val;
 * this.left = left;
 * this.right = right;
 * }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<List<Integer>> levelOrderBottom(TreeNode root) {
        List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>();
        Queue<TreeNode> que = new LinkedList<>();
        if (root != null) {
            que.offer(root);
        }
        while (!que.isEmpty()) {
            int size = que.size();
            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                TreeNode node = que.poll();
                list.add(node.val);
                if (node.left != null) {
                    que.offer(node.left);
                }
                if (node.right != null) {
                    que.offer(node.right);
                }
            }
            res.add(0, list);
        }
        return res;
    }
}

199.二叉树的右视图

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 * int val;
 * TreeNode left;
 * TreeNode right;
 * TreeNode() {}
 * TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 * TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 * this.val = val;
 * this.left = left;
 * this.right = right;
 * }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> rightSideView(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        Queue<TreeNode> que = new LinkedList<>();
        if (root != null) {
            que.offer(root);
        }
        while (!que.isEmpty()) {
            int size = que.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                TreeNode node = que.poll();
                if (i == size - 1) {
                    res.add(node.val);
                }
                if (node.left != null) {
                    que.offer(node.left);
                }
                if (node.right != null) {
                    que.offer(node.right);
                }
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
}

637.二叉树的层平均值

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 * int val;
 * TreeNode left;
 * TreeNode right;
 * TreeNode() {}
 * TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 * TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 * this.val = val;
 * this.left = left;
 * this.right = right;
 * }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Double> averageOfLevels(TreeNode root) {
        List<Double> res = new ArrayList<>();
        Queue<TreeNode> que = new LinkedList<>();
        if (root != null) {
            que.offer(root);
        }
        while (!que.isEmpty()) {
            int size = que.size();
            double sum = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                TreeNode node = que.poll();
                sum = sum + node.val;
                if (node.left != null) {
                    que.offer(node.left);
                }
                if (node.right != null) {
                    que.offer(node.right);
                }
            }
            res.add(sum / size);
        }
        return res;
    }
}

429.N叉树的层序遍历

/*
// Definition for a Node.
class Node {
    public int val;
    public List<Node> children;

    public Node() {}

    public Node(int _val) {
        val = _val;
    }

    public Node(int _val, List<Node> _children) {
        val = _val;
        children = _children;
    }
};
*/

class Solution {
    public List<List<Integer>> levelOrder(Node root) {
        List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>();
        Queue<Node> que = new LinkedList<>();
        if (root != null) {
            que.offer(root);
        }
        while (!que.isEmpty()) {
            int size = que.size();
            List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                Node node = que.poll();
                list.add(node.val);
                if (node.children != null && !node.children.isEmpty()) {
                    for (Node n : node.children) {
                        que.offer(n);
                    }
                }
            }
            res.add(list);
        }
        return res;
    }
}

515.在每个树行中找最大值

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 * int val;
 * TreeNode left;
 * TreeNode right;
 * TreeNode() {}
 * TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 * TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 * this.val = val;
 * this.left = left;
 * this.right = right;
 * }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> largestValues(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> res = new LinkedList<>();
        Queue<TreeNode> que = new LinkedList<>();
        if (root != null) {
            que.offer(root);
        }
        while (!que.isEmpty()) {
            int size = que.size();
            int max = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                TreeNode node = que.poll();
                max = max > node.val ? max : node.val;
                if (node.left != null) {
                    que.offer(node.left);
                }
                if (node.right != null) {
                    que.offer(node.right);
                }
            }
            res.add(max);
        }
        return res;
    }
}

116.填充每个节点的下一个右侧节点指针

/*
// Definition for a Node.
class Node {
    public int val;
    public Node left;
    public Node right;
    public Node next;

    public Node() {}
    
    public Node(int _val) {
        val = _val;
    }

    public Node(int _val, Node _left, Node _right, Node _next) {
        val = _val;
        left = _left;
        right = _right;
        next = _next;
    }
};
*/

class Solution {
    public Node connect(Node root) {
        Queue<Node> que = new LinkedList<>();
        if (root != null) {
            que.offer(root);
        }
        while (!que.isEmpty()) {
            int size = que.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                Node node = que.poll();
                if (i != size - 1) {
                    node.next = que.peek();
                } else {
                    node.next = null;
                }
                if (node.left != null) {
                    que.offer(node.left);
                }
                if (node.right != null) {
                    que.offer(node.right);
                }
            }
        }
        return root;
    }
}

117.填充每个节点的下一个右侧节点指针II

/*
// Definition for a Node.
class Node {
    public int val;
    public Node left;
    public Node right;
    public Node next;

    public Node() {}
    
    public Node(int _val) {
        val = _val;
    }

    public Node(int _val, Node _left, Node _right, Node _next) {
        val = _val;
        left = _left;
        right = _right;
        next = _next;
    }
};
*/

class Solution {
    public Node connect(Node root) {
        Queue<Node> que = new LinkedList<>();
        if (root != null) {
            que.offer(root);
        }
        while (!que.isEmpty()) {
            int size = que.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                Node node = que.poll();
                if (i != size - 1) {
                    node.next = que.peek();
                } else {
                    node.next = null;
                }
                if (node.left != null) {
                    que.offer(node.left);
                }
                if (node.right != null) {
                    que.offer(node.right);
                }
            }
        }
        return root;
    }
}

104.二叉树的最大深度

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 * int val;
 * TreeNode left;
 * TreeNode right;
 * TreeNode() {}
 * TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 * TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 * this.val = val;
 * this.left = left;
 * this.right = right;
 * }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public int maxDepth(TreeNode root) {
        Queue<TreeNode> que = new LinkedList<>();
        int depth = 0;
        if (root != null) {
            que.offer(root);
        }
        while (!que.isEmpty()) {
            int size = que.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                TreeNode node = que.poll();
                if (node.left != null) {
                    que.offer(node.left);
                }
                if (node.right != null) {
                    que.offer(node.right);
                }
            }
            depth++;
        }
        return depth;
    }
}

111.二叉树的最小深度

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 * int val;
 * TreeNode left;
 * TreeNode right;
 * TreeNode() {}
 * TreeNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
 * TreeNode(int val, TreeNode left, TreeNode right) {
 * this.val = val;
 * this.left = left;
 * this.right = right;
 * }
 * }
 */
class Solution {
    public int minDepth(TreeNode root) {
        int depth = 0;
        Queue<TreeNode> que = new LinkedList<>();
        if (root != null) {
            que.offer(root);
        }
        while (!que.isEmpty()) {
            int size = que.size();
            depth++;
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                TreeNode node = que.poll();
                if (node.left == null && node.right == null) {
                    return depth;
                }
                if (node.left != null) {
                    que.offer(node.left);
                }
                if (node.right != null) {
                    que.offer(node.right);
                }
            }
        }
        return depth;
    }
}

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