SpringMVC笔记

SpringMVC

1.Servlet映射路径回顾

先提一个Servlet映射路径问题

@WebServlet("/")
@WebServlet("/*")
都是接受任何请求
区别: / 不包括访问jsp的请求,/* 真的所有请求,包含jsp

2.front 设计模式

所有的请求都经过一个类,具体需要哪一个controller处理,需要靠它去分发,这是比较专业的前端设计模式,而这一需求SpringMVC可以完美解决

3.SpringMVC简介

####Spring重要组件

3.1中央控制器DispatcherServlet(前端控制器)

它可以接收所有请求(不要包含jsp)

3.2处理器映射器HandlerMapping

解析请求格式的

3.3处理器适配器HandlerAdapter

负责调用请求方法

3.4视图解析器ViewResovler

解析结果,并决定跳转的具体哪一个视图

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-LMW24Q79-1573125858997)(/77VnAf.jpeg)]

4.SpringMVC环境搭建

新建maven项目,引入依赖,这次我们将web部分的依赖也引进来

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.neuedu</groupId>
    <artifactId>springmvc</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

web.xml全局配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

springmvc.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!--注解扫描,老版本需要添加注解驱动,现在省略了-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.neuedu.controller"></context:component-scan>
</beans>

controller

package org.neuedu.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    // @RequestMapping 默认对应get,post请求
    // @GetMapping 对应get请求
    // @PostMapping 对应post请求
    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {
        // 默认是转发
        return "Test.jsp";
    }
}

启动,在浏览器访问hello,成功跳转

4.1静态资源放行

mapping 当请求中有指定映射格式时,到 location 下去找,这就是静态资源的放行

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!--注解扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.neuedu.controller"></context:component-scan>
    <!-- 注解驱动 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
    <mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/"></mvc:resources>
</beans>
4.2参数绑定
4.2.1基本数据类型和字符串
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Test Page</h1>
    <form action="${pageContext.servletContext.contextPath}/hello1" method="get">
        <p><input type="text" name="username"></p>
        <p><input type="text" name="age"></p>
        <button>submit</button>
    </form>
</body>
</html>
@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @GetMapping("/hello1")
    public String hello1(HttpRequestServlet req) {
        req.getParameter("name");// 依然有效,但有更便捷的方式
        return "/Test.jsp";
    }
}
@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @GetMapping("/hello1")
    public String hello1(String name,int age) { // 自动进行类型绑定和转换,需要保证参数名一致
        System.out.println(name+","+age);
        return "/Test.jsp";
    }
}
@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @GetMapping("/hello1")
    // 不一致,需要@RequestParam注解绑定
    public String hello1(@@RequestParam("name")String name1,int age) { 
        System.out.println(name+","+age);
        return "/Test.jsp";
    }
}
@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @GetMapping("/hello1")
    // defaultValue 若没有获取到name,采用默认值aa
    public String hello1(@@RequestParam(defaultValue="aa")String name,int age) { 
        System.out.println(name+","+age);
        return "/Test.jsp";
    }
}
@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @GetMapping("/hello1")
    // required=true,要求必须获取到该参数,否则抛异常
    public String hello1(@@RequestParam(required=true)S tring name,int age) { 
        System.out.println(name+","+age);
        return "/Test.jsp";
    }
}
4.2.2复杂参数
package org.neuedu.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import java.util.List;

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    // 比如复选框,传过来是数组,可以像下面这么写
    @GetMapping("/hello1")
    public String hello1(@RequestParam("hobby") List<String> hobby) {
        System.out.println(hobby);
        return "/Test.jsp";
    }
}
package org.neuedu.controller;

public class Student {
    private Integer stuno;
    private String stuname;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "stuno=" + stuno +
                ", stuname='" + stuname + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public Integer getStuno() {
        return stuno;
    }

    public void setStuno(Integer stuno) {
        this.stuno = stuno;
    }

    public String getStuname() {
        return stuname;
    }

    public void setStuname(String stuname) {
        this.stuname = stuname;
    }
}
package org.neuedu.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    // 参数中只要和对象属性同名,会进行自动绑定
    @GetMapping("/hello1")
    public String hello1(Student student) {
        System.out.println(student.toString());
        return "/Test.jsp";
    }
}
4.2.3restful风格参数
<a href="xxxxxx/hello1/13/tom"></a>
package org.neuedu.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    // {} 意思是这是路径传过来的参数,使用@PathVariable可以指定绑定的变量,如果同名可以省略
    @GetMapping("/hello1/{id}/{name}")
    public String hello1(@PathVariable("id") int id,@PathVariable("name") String name) {
        System.out.println(id+","+name);
        return "/Test.jsp";
    }
}
4.3三种返回值
4.3.1字符串
@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @GetMapping("/hello1/{id}/{name}")
    public String hello1() {
        // 默认是转发
        return "/test.jsp";
    }
}
@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @GetMapping("/hello1/{id}/{name}")
    public String hello1() {
        // 也是转发
        return "forward:/test.jsp";
    }
}
@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @GetMapping("/hello1/{id}/{name}")
    public String hello1() {
        // 重定向
        return "redirect:/test.jsp";
    }
}

注意:字符串中不要出现空格

4.3.2void

使用void有两种情况

第一种情况就是采取servlet的方式进行转发或重定向

package org.neuedu.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @GetMapping("/hello1")
    public void hello1(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/Test.jsp").forward(request,response);
    }

    @GetMapping("/hello2")
    public void hello2(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/Test.jsp");
    }
}

第二种情况是响应ajax字符串时返回json或返回的字符串直接要在页面打印,使用 @ResponseBody 注解,该注解默认是采取 jackson 完成的

package org.neuedu.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @GetMapping(value = "/hello1",produces = "text/html;charset=utf-8") // 返回值如果中文防乱码
    @ResponseBody
    public String hello1(){
        return "hello";// 此处返回的字符串会在页面打印,并不代表跳转
    }
    
    @GetMapping("/hello2")
    @ResponseBody
    public Student hello2() {
        Student student = new Student();
        student.setStuno(1001);
        student.setStuname("TOM");
        return student;
    }
}
4.3.3ModelAndView
package org.neuedu.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @GetMapping("/hello3")
    public ModelAndView hello3() {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("msg", "hello");
        modelAndView.setViewName("/Test.jsp");
        return modelAndView;
    }

    @GetMapping("/hello4")
    public String hello4(Model model) {
        model.addAttribute("msg", "hello");
        return "/Test.jsp";
    }
}
4.4 处理中文乱码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
	<!-- 处理请求中中文乱码的过滤器 -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>
4.5视图资源解析器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!--注解扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.neuedu.controller"></context:component-scan>
    <mvc:resources mapping="/js/" location="/js/**"></mvc:resources>
	<!-- 视图资源解析器,当controller返回是字符串时默认会在字符串前后添加前缀后缀,方便编程 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" 
          class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/src"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>
4.6文件的上传和下载(了解)
4.6.1上传

引入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.neuedu</groupId>
    <artifactId>springmvc</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- spring相关jar -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.10.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- serlvet和jsp依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 文件上传下载需要的jar包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>2.6</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

上传页面jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>上传页面</h1>
    <form action="${pageContext.servletContext.contextPath}/upload" 
          method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        <input type="file" name="file">
        <button>submit</button>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

springmvc配置文件配置multipart类型解析器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!--注解扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="org.neuedu.controller"></context:component-scan>
    <!-- multipart类型解析器  -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
        <property name="maxUploadSize" value="80000"></property>
        <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UFT-8"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>
@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @PostMapping("upload")
    @ResponseBody
    public void upload(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
        // 判断是否有上传文件
        if(!file.isEmpty()){
            String strFolder = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/image")+ File.separator;
            File folder = new File(strFolder);
            if(!folder.exists()){
                folder.mkdir();
            }
            //  此处未使用UUID来生成唯一标识,用日期做为标识
            String strNewFilePath = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss").format(new Date());
            String strFinalPath = strFolder + strNewFilePath;
            //把文件上传至path的路径
            File localFile = new File(strFinalPath);
            file.transferTo(localFile);
        }
    }
}
4.6.2下载
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>下载页面</h1>
    <a href="${pageContext.servletContext.contextPath}/download?fileName=test.txt">下载</a>
</body>
</html>
package org.neuedu.controller;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @GetMapping("/download")
    public void downLoad(String fileName, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        // 下载文件一定要添加一个响应头
        response.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+fileName);
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
        String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("files");
        System.out.println(path);
        File file = new File(path, fileName);
        byte[] bytes = FileUtils.readFileToByteArray(file);
        outputStream.write(bytes);
        outputStream.flush();
        outputStream.close();
    }
}

5.拦截器Interceptor

拦截器与过滤器比较相似,当发送请求时,会被拦截器拦截,从而在controller前后添加额外功能

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-lAafLXLG-1573125859001)(/468490-5cf009d12dcf778c.png)]

xml需要配置:两种配置方式

<!-- 拦截器 -->
<mvc:interceptors>
    <mvc:interceptor>
         <mvc:mapping path="/demo" />
         <bean class="com.neuedu.interceptor.CheckInterceptor"></bean>
    </mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>
public class CheckInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor{
   @Override
   public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
           throws Exception {
       if(request.getSession().getAttribute("login_user") == null) {
           request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/user/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
           return false;
       }else {
           return true;
       }
   }
   @Override
   public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
           ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
       System.out.println(456);
   }
   @Override
   public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
           throws Exception {
       System.out.println(789);
   }
}

###SSM总结:

  • 1.环境搭建(最重要)

ervletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
throws Exception {
if(request.getSession().getAttribute(“login_user”) == null) {
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/user/login.jsp").forward(request, response);
return false;
}else {
return true;
}
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
System.out.println(456);
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
throws Exception {
System.out.println(789);
}
}


###SSM总结:

+ 1.环境搭建(最重要)

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