Collections
常用功能
- public static boolean addAll(Collection c, T… elements) :往集合中添加一些元素。
- public static void shuffle(List<?> list) 打乱顺序 :打乱集合顺序。
- public static void sort(List list) :将集合中元素按照默认规则排序。
- public static void sort(List list,Comparator<? super T> ) :将集合中元素按照指定规则排序。
Comparator比较器
//public static <T> void sort(List<T> list)
public final class String implements java.io.Serializable, Comparable<String>, CharSequence {
- public int compare(String o1, String o2) :比较其两个参数的顺序。
两个对象比较的结果有三种:大于,等于,小于。
如果要按照升序排序, 则o1 小于o2,返回(负数),相等返回0,01大于02返回(正数) 如果要按照降序排序 则o1 小于o2,返回(正数),相等返回0,01大于02返回(负数)
//例一
public class Student implements Comparable<Student>{
private int age;
private String name;
//省略构造器及get\set方法
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"age=" + age +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
@Override
//先按名字排序,名字相同按照年龄从大到小排序
public int compareTo(Student o) {
if(name.equals(o.name)){
return o.age-age;
}else{
return name.compareTo(o.name);
}
}
}
public class StudentDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> s = new ArrayList<>();
Student stu = new Student(15,"lihua");
Student stu1 = new Student(13,"lihua");
Student stu2 = new Student(14,"zhaohua");
Student stu3 = new Student(15,"zhanghua");
s.add(stu);
s.add(stu1);
s.add(stu2);
s.add(stu3);
System.out.println(s);
Collections.sort(s);
System.out.println(s);
}
}
//例二
public class MyComparetor implements Comparator<Student> {
@Override
public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
if(o1.getName().equals(o2.getName())){
return o1.getAge()-o2.getAge();
}else{
return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
}
}
}
public class StudentDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> s = new ArrayList<>();
Student stu = new Student(15,"lihua");
Student stu1 = new Student(13,"lihua");
Student stu2 = new Student(14,"zhaohua");
Student stu3 = new Student(15,"zhanghua");
s.add(stu);
s.add(stu1);
s.add(stu2);
s.add(stu3);
System.out.println(s);
Collections.sort(s,new MyComparetor());
System.out.println(s);
}
}
//例三
public class Student implements Comparator<Student>{
private int age;
private String name;
//省略构造器及get\set方法
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"age=" + age +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
@Override
public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
if(o1.getName().equals(o2.getName())){
return o1.getAge()-o2.getAge();
}else{
return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
}
}
}
public class StudentDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> s = new ArrayList<>();
Student stu = new Student(15,"lihua");
Student stu1 = new Student(13,"lihua");
Student stu2 = new Student(14,"zhaohua");
Student stu3 = new Student(15,"zhanghua");
s.add(stu);
s.add(stu1);
s.add(stu2);
s.add(stu3);
System.out.println(s);
Collections.sort(s,new Student());
System.out.println(s);
}
}
//例四:采用匿名对象
public class StudentDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Student> s = new ArrayList<>();
Student stu = new Student(15,"lihua");
Student stu1 = new Student(13,"lihua");
Student stu2 = new Student(14,"zhaohua");
Student stu3 = new Student(15,"zhanghua");
s.add(stu);
s.add(stu1);
s.add(stu2);
s.add(stu3);
System.out.println(s);
Collections.sort(s, new Comparator<Student>() {
@Override
public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
if(o1.getName().equals(o2.getName())){
return o1.getAge()-o2.getAge();
}else{
return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
}
}
});
System.out.println(s);
}
}
Comparable和Comparator两个接口的区别
Comparable:强行对实现它的每个类的对象进行整体排序。这种排序被称为类的自然排序,类的compareTo方法被称为它的自然比较方法。只能在类中实现compareTo()一次,不能经常修改类的代码实现自己想要的排序。实现此接口的对象列表(和数组)可以通过Collections.sort(和Arrays.sort)进行自动排序,对象可以用作有序映射中的键或有序集合中的元素,无需指定比较器。
Comparator强行对某个对象进行整体排序。可以将Comparator 传递给sort方法(如Collections.sort或Arrays.sort),从而允许在排序顺序上实现精确控制。还可以使用Comparator来控制某些数据结构(如有序set或有序映射)的顺序,或者为那些没有自然顺序的对象collection提供排序。