C语言内存分配函数void* malloc(size_t size)的实际分配情况

系统信息：

$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	elementary
Description:	elementary OS 0.4.1 Loki
Release:	0.4.1
Codename:	loki

$ uname -a         
Linux user 4.15.0-46-generic #49~16.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Tue Feb 12 17:45:24 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

$ cat /proc/version
Linux version 4.15.0-46-generic (buildd@lgw01-amd64-008) (gcc version 5.4.0 20160609 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.10)) #49~16.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Tue Feb 12 17:45:24 UTC 2019

查阅glibc里的malloc.c文件，里面介绍了malloc()在64位系统、size_t为8字节的情况下，最小分配块的大小是32字节。

//  glibc/malloc/malloc.c
/*
* Vital statistics:
  Supported pointer representation:       4 or 8 bytes
  Supported size_t  representation:       4 or 8 bytes
       Note that size_t is allowed to be 4 bytes even if pointers are 8.
       You can adjust this by defining INTERNAL_SIZE_T
  Alignment:                              2 * sizeof(size_t) (default)
       (i.e., 8 byte alignment with 4byte size_t). This suffices for
       nearly all current machines and C compilers. However, you can
       define MALLOC_ALIGNMENT to be wider than this if necessary.
 
  Minimum overhead per allocated chunk:   4 or 8 bytes
       Each malloced chunk has a hidden word of overhead holding size
       and status information.
 
  Minimum allocated size: 4-byte ptrs:  16 bytes    (including 4 overhead)
                          8-byte ptrs:  24/32 bytes (including, 4/8 overhead)
       When a chunk is freed, 12 (for 4byte ptrs) or 20 (for 8 byte
       ptrs but 4 byte size) or 24 (for 8/8) additional bytes are
       needed; 4 (8) for a trailing size field and 8 (16) bytes for
       free list pointers. Thus, the minimum allocatable size is
       16/24/32 bytes.
 
       Even a request for zero bytes (i.e., malloc(0)) returns a
       pointer to something of the minimum allocatable size.
 
*/

简单说，就是malloc(size)分配到的内存块，不单单是参数size指定的字节数这么简单，这个内存块的大小还受到（1）Alignment 对齐 == 2 * sizeof(size_t) ，（2）overhead 信息， 这两方面的共同约束。

所以&#