Spring MVC

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-18 17:46:15 发布

李嘉伟66666

最新推荐文章于 2024-11-18 17:46:15 发布

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分类专栏：框架文章标签： spring java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44734751/article/details/104634143

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1 为什么学Spring MVC

1轻量级简单易学

2与Spring无缝接合

3 约定大于配置

4基于请求响应的MVC框架

5功能强大 RESTful 数据验证格式化本地化主题等

2体验Spring MVC

1:导入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>MVC</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>MVC1</module>
    </modules>



    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
</project>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <!--Spring自己的Servlet 手动配置 之后自己写的Servlet都由Spring创建-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
   <!--关联一个SpringMVC配置文件 -->
    <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        //任何servlet都会被拦截
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> <!--/*会匹配jsp页面 会进入死循环-->
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!--处理器映射器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/>
    <!--处理器适配器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/>
    <!--视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
    <!--前缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
    <!--后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
	<!--页面访问的Servlet 会寻找下面的类-->
    <bean id="/hello" class="com.kuang.controller.HelloController"/>
</beans>

package com.kuang.controller;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class HelloController implements Controller {
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception {
        //ModelAndView 模型和视图
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        //封装对象，放在ModelAndView中
        mv.addObject("msg","Hello");
        //封装要跳转的视图 放在modelAndView中
        mv.setViewName("hello"); //WEB-INf/jsp/hello.jsp
        return mv;
    }
}

2.2 执行流程分析

实现部分全部由Spring处理
在这里插入图片描述

1 浏览器输入URL地址实际上是访问了一个控制器这里相当于我们自己写的servlet

在这里插入图片描述

2 ServletdispacherServlet根据请求找到Contraoller处理器

3查找到对应的处理器后返回信息给ServletdispacherServlet
在这里插入图片描述

4获取了ModelAndView数据后解析ModelAndView视名字拼接视图名字返回给ServletdispacherServlet

5 ServletdispacherServlet 找到对应试图将数据渲染到视图

我们要做的就是在控制器中写调用dao层的方法

3注解开发Spring MVC

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">


    <!--使下面路径下的类的注解生效-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.kuang.controller"/>
    <!--让springmvc不处理静态资源 比如js html css -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <!--支持MVC注解生效 并自动注入之前的俩个映射器-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!--视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

web.xml不变

package com.kuang.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
//下面俩个注解 共同完成了下面这句话
//<bean id="/hello class="com.kuang.controller.HelloController"/>

//相当于 < class="com.kuang.controller.HelloController"/>
@Controller
public class HelloController {
	//@ResponseBody     跳过视图解析器 直接返回字符串
    @RequestMapping("/hello")//这个hello相当于servlet名字  <bean id="/hello">
    public String redirect(Model model){
        model.addAttribute("msg","李嘉伟");
        return "hello";//返回值代表跳转到哪个jsp页面（如果返回值是String 并且有该jsp 就会被自动视图解析）
    }


}

4Restful风格

传统URL传参：location:8080/method?add=1

RestFul风格：location:8080/method/1/2/3

传统法式代码和url

对应的url地址http://localhost:8080/jiawei?a=1&b=2

@Controller
public class MyController {
    @RequestMapping("/jiawei")
    public String sayhello(int a, int b ,Model model){//ab 直接从网页传进来  		
        int res = a+b;
        model.addAttribute("msg","res");
      return "hello";
    }
}

restful风格代码

对应的url地址http://localhost:8080/jiawei/1/5

@Controller
public class MyController {
    @RequestMapping("/jiawei/{a}/{b}")
    public String sayhello(@PathVariable int a, @PathVariable int b , Model model){
        int res = a+b;
        model.addAttribute("msg",res);
      return "hello";
    }
}

限定请求方式

在这里插入图片描述

指定请求方式后如果不是该类型的请求会报405错误也可以用另一种方式就是把注解换了

在这里插入图片描述

还有：GetMapping

PostMapping

putmapping

deletemapping

patchmapping 等等

下面说明同一个url为什么可以处理俩个方法

在这里插入图片描述

RestFul风格的好处

隐藏了方法名字

高效因为支持缓存

简洁

5结果跳转方式

如果配置了视图解析器

直接返回一个字符串默认方式就是请求转发方式跳转

重定向不需要视图解析器

如果要重定向 return ：“全路径”;

package com.kuang.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@Controller
public class MyController {
    @GetMapping ("/jiawei")
    public String sayhello( ){
      return "redirect:/index.jsp";
    }

}

如果没有视图解析器

重定向还是和上面一样

请求转发写全路径即可

数据传输问题

1

url: http://localhost:8080/jiawei?name=hello

@Controller
public class MyController {
    @RequestMapping("/jiawei")
    public String sayhello( String name){
        System.out.println(name);
      return "hello";
    }

}

如果地址传递username 那么程序就拿不到

2

rul: http://localhost:8080/jiawei?username=hello

@Controller
public class MyController {
    @RequestMapping("/jiawei")
    public String sayhello( @RequestParam("username") String name){
        System.out.println( name);
      return "hello";
    }

}

这种方式将前端的username参数和name对应这种写法还能标记这个参数时前端传过来的所以为了看的清晰不管名字是否一致最好都写上

3

url :rul: http://localhost:8080/jiawei?name=zhangsan&age=16&address=beijing

一次传入多个参数情况代码写一个bean类即可他会自动匹配User类中的字段匹配不到的为null

package com.kuang.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@Controller
public class MyController {
    @RequestMapping("/jiawei")
    public String sayhello(  User user){
        System.out.println( name);
      return "hello";
    }

}

乱码问题

加一个过滤器

<filter>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

JSON

前后端分离时代：

后端提供接口，提供数据

前端独立部署，负责渲染后端数据：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var user ={
            name:"李嘉伟",
            age:3,
            sex:"男"
        }
        //将js对象转换成JSON对象
        var json = JSON.stringify(user);
        JSON.parse()
        console.log(json)
        console.log(user)
    </script>
</head>

</html>

在这里插入图片描述

JackJson

在这里插入图片描述

整合SSml

导入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.lijiawei</groupId>
    <artifactId>ssmbuild</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.47</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.5.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
    <resources>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <filtering>true</filtering>
        </resource>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/java</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <filtering>true</filtering>
        </resource>
    </resources>
</build>

</project>

目录结构

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-e1kqQQcq-1583221281421)(C:\Users\李嘉伟\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20200225171817509.png)]

applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <import resource="classpath:spring-mvc.xml"/>
    <import resource="classpath:spring-dao.xml"/>
    <import resource="classpath:spring-service.xml"/>

</beans>

mybatis-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <typeAliases>
        <package name="com.kuang.pojo"/>
    </typeAliases>

    <mappers>
        <mapper class="com.kuang.dao.BookMapper"/>
    </mappers>
</configuration>

spring-dao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <!-- spring 读取url的配置文件-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:url.properties"/>
    <!-- 连接池-->
    <bean id="datasource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${c3p0.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${c3p0.url}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${c3p0.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${c3p0.password}"/>
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="10"/>
        <property name="minPoolSize" value="3"/>
        <property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"/>

    </bean>


    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"/>
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
    </bean>

    <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.kuang.dao"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="TransactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="datasource"/>
    </bean>


</beans>

spring-mvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.kuang.controller"/>
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>


</beans>

spring-service.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

<context:component-scan base-package="com.kuang.service"/>

    <bean id="BookServiceImpl" class="com.kuang.service.BookServiceImpl">
        <property name="bookMapper" ref="bookMapper"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

url.properties

c3p0.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
c3p0.url  =  jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?useSSL=true&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8
c3p0.username=root
c3p0.password=123456

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
    
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
    </session-config>
</web-app>

contaoller

package com.kuang.controller;

import com.kuang.pojo.Books;
import com.kuang.service.Bookservice;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import java.util.List;

@Controller
public class BookController {
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("BookServiceImpl")
    private Bookservice bookservice;
    //查询全部书籍
    @RequestMapping("/All")
    public String All(Model model){
        List<Books> books = bookservice.queryAllBook();
        model.addAttribute("msg",books);
        return "book";


    }
}

Bookmapper

package com.kuang.dao;

import com.kuang.pojo.Books;

import java.util.List;

public interface BookMapper {
    int addBook(Books books);

    int deleteBook(int id);

    int updateBook(int id , Books books);

    Books queryBook(int id);

    List<Books> queryAllBook();
}

BookMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.kuang.dao.BookMapper">
    <insert id="addBook" parameterType="Books">
        insert into test.books (bookName, bookCounts, detail)
        values (#{bookName},#{bookCounts},#{detail});
    </insert>

    <delete id="deleteBook" parameterType="int">
        delete from test.books where bookID = #{id}
    </delete>
    <update id="updateBook" parameterType="Books">
        update test.books set bookName=#{bookName},bookCounts=#{bookCounts},detail=#{detail} where id=#{id}
    </update>
    <select id="queryBook" resultType="Books">
        select * from test.books where id= #{id};
    </select>

    <select id="queryAllBook" resultType="Books">
        select * from test.books;
    </select>
</mapper>

Books实体类

package com.kuang.pojo;

public class Books {
    private int bookID;
    private String bookName;
    private String bookCounts;
    private String detail;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Books{" +
                "bookID=" + bookID +
                ", bookName='" + bookName + '\'' +
                ", bookCounts='" + bookCounts + '\'' +
                ", detail='" + detail + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public Books() {
    }

    public Books(int bookID, String bookName, String bookCounts, String detail) {
        this.bookID = bookID;
        this.bookName = bookName;
        this.bookCounts = bookCounts;
        this.detail = detail;
    }

    public int getBookID() {
        return bookID;
    }

    public void setBookID(int bookID) {
        this.bookID = bookID;
    }

    public String getBookName() {
        return bookName;
    }

    public void setBookName(String bookName) {
        this.bookName = bookName;
    }

    public String getBookCounts() {
        return bookCounts;
    }

    public void setBookCounts(String bookCounts) {
        this.bookCounts = bookCounts;
    }

    public String getDetail() {
        return detail;
    }

    public void setDetail(String detail) {
        this.detail = detail;
    }
}

service

package com.kuang.service;

import com.kuang.dao.BookMapper;
import com.kuang.pojo.Books;

import java.util.List;

public interface Bookservice {
    public int addBook(Books books) ;
    public int deleteBook(int id);

    public int updateBook(int id, Books books) ;

    public Books queryBook(int id) ;

    public List<Books> queryAllBook() ;
}

serviceimpl

package com.kuang.service;

import com.kuang.dao.BookMapper;
import com.kuang.pojo.Books;

import java.util.List;

public class BookServiceImpl implements Bookservice {
    private BookMapper bookMapper;

    public void setBookMapper(BookMapper bookMapper) {
        this.bookMapper = bookMapper;
    }

    public int addBook(Books books) {
        return bookMapper.addBook(books);
    }

    public int deleteBook(int id) {
        return bookMapper.deleteBook(id);
    }

    public int updateBook(int id, Books books) {
        return bookMapper.updateBook(id,books);
    }

    public Books queryBook(int id) {
        return bookMapper.queryBook(id);
    }

    public List<Books> queryAllBook() {
        return bookMapper.queryAllBook();
    }
}