C++PrimePlus（第六版）第十一章课后编程练习

于 2020-02-08 00:11:41 发布
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C++PrimePlus（第六版）第十一章课后编程练习

1.修改程序清单11.5，使之将一系列连续的随机漫步者位置写入到文件中。对于每个位置，用步号进行标识。另外，让该程序将初始条件（目标距离和步长）以及结果小计写入到该文件中。
该程序头文件与成员函数文件与随机漫步程序文件一样，只需修改主函数即可代码如下：
重点在于第六章讲解的头文件fstream定义一个用于处理输出的文件输出类ofstream类。

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<ctime>
#include"vector.h"
#include<fstream>
int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	ofstream outFile;
	outFile.open("carinfo.txt");
	using VECTOR::Vector;
	srand(time(0));
	double direction;
	Vector result(0.0, 0.0);
	Vector step;
	unsigned long steps = 0;
	double target;
	double dstep;
	cout << "Enter target distance (q to quit): ";
	while (cin >> target)
	{
		cout << "Enter step length: ";
		if (!(cin >> dstep))
			break;
		outFile << "Target Distance:" <<target<<", Step Size: "<<dstep << endl;
		while (result.magval() < target)
		{
			direction = rand() % 360;
			step.reset(dstep, direction, Vector::POL);
			result = result + step;
			steps++;
			cout << steps << ": (x,y) = (" << result.xval() << "," << result.yval() <<")"<< endl;
			outFile << steps << ": (x,y) = (" << result.xval() << "," << result.yval() << ")" << endl;
		}

		//output the screen
		cout << "After " << steps << " steps ,the subject "
			"has the following locaion\n";
		cout << result << endl;
		//output the file
		outFile << "After " << steps << " steps ,the subject "
			"has the following locaion\n";
		outFile << result << endl;

		result.polar_mode();
		//output the screen
		cout << " or\n" << result << endl;
		cout << " Average outward distance per step = "
			<< result.magval() / steps << endl;
		//output the file
		outFile << " or\n" << result << endl;
		outFile << " Average outward distance per step = "
			<< result.magval() / steps << endl;

		steps = 0;
		result.reset(0.0, 0.0);
		cout << "Enter target distance (q to quit): ";

	}
	cout << "Bye!\n";
	cin.clear();
	while (cin.get() != '\n')
		continue;

	outFile.close();
	return 0;
}

2、

#pragma once
#ifndef VECOTR_H_
#define VECTOR_H_
#include<iostream>
namespace VECTOR
{
	class Vector
	{
	public:
		enum Mode{RECT,POL};
	private:
		double x;
		double y;
		Mode mode;
		void set_x(double n1,double n2);
		void set_y(double n1,double n2);
	public:
		Vector();
		Vector(double n1, double n2, Mode form = RECT);
		void reset(double n1, double n2, Mode form = RECT);
		~Vector();
		double xval()const { return x; }
		double yval()const { return y; }
		double magval()const { return (sqrt(x * x + y * y)); }
		double angval()const;
		void polar_mode();
		void rect_mode();
		//operator overloading
		Vector operator+(const Vector &b)const;
		Vector operator-(const Vector &b)const;
		Vector operator-()const;
		Vector operator*(double n)const;
		//friends
		friend Vector operator *(double n, const Vector &a);
		friend std::ostream&operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Vector &v);
	};
}
#endif

#include<cmath>
#include"vector.h"
using std::sqrt;
using std::sin;
using std::cos;
using std::atan;
using std::atan2;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
namespace VECTOR
{
	//compute degrees in one radian
	const double Rad_to_deg = 45.0 / atan(1.0);
	//should be about  57.2957795130823

	//private methods
	double Vector::angval()const
	{
		if (x == 0.0&&y == 0.0)
			return  0.0;
		else
			return atan2(y, x);

	}
	//set x from polar coordinate
	void Vector::set_x(double n1,double n2)
	{
		x =  n1*cos(n2);
	}
	void Vector::set_y(double n1, double n2)
	{
		y = n1 * sin(n2);
	}

	Vector::Vector()
	{
		x = y =0.0;
		mode = RECT;
	}
	Vector::Vector(double n1, double n2, Mode form)
	{
		mode = form;
		if (form == RECT)
		{
			x = n1; 
			y = n2;
		
		}
		else if (form == POL)
		{
			
			n2 = n2 / Rad_to_deg;
			set_x(n1,n2);
			set_y(n1,n2);
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "Incorrect 3rd argument to Vector() -- ";
			cout << "Vector set to 0\n";
			x = y  = 0.0;
			mode = RECT;
		}
	}

	void Vector::reset(double n1, double n2, Mode form)
	{
		mode = form;
		if (form == RECT)
		{
			x = n1;
			y = n2;
		}
		else if (form == POL)
		{
			
			n2 = n2 / Rad_to_deg;
			set_x(n1, n2);
			set_y(n1, n2);
		}
		else
		{
			cout << "Incorrect 3rd argument to Vector()--";
			cout << "vector set to 0\n";
			x = y = 0.0;
			mode = RECT;
		}
	}

	Vector::~Vector()
	{
	}
	void Vector::polar_mode()
	{
		mode = POL;
	}
	void  Vector::rect_mode()
	{
		mode =RECT;
	}
	Vector Vector::operator+(const Vector &b)const
	{
		return Vector(x + b.x, y + b.y);
	}
	Vector Vector::operator-(const Vector &b)const
	{
		return Vector(x - b.x, y - b.y);
	}
	Vector Vector::operator-()const
	{
		return Vector(-x, -y);
	}
	Vector Vector::operator*(double n)const
	{
		return Vector(n*x, n*y);
	}
	//friend methods
	Vector operator*(double n,const Vector &a)
	{
		return a * n;
	}

	//display rectangular coordinates if mode is RECT,
	//else display polar coordinates if mode is POL
	std::ostream &operator <<(std::ostream &os, const Vector &v)
	{
		if (v.mode == Vector::RECT)
			os << "(x,y)=(" << v.x<< ", " << v.y << ")";
		else if (v.mode == Vector::POL)
		{
			os << "(m,a) = (" << v.magval() << ", "
				<< v.angval()*Rad_to_deg << ")";
		}
		else
			os << "Vector object mode is invalid";
		return os;
	}
}

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<ctime>
#include"vector.h"
#include<fstream>
int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	ofstream outFile;
	outFile.open("carinfo.txt");
	using VECTOR::Vector;
	srand(time(0));
	double direction;
	Vector result(0.0, 0.0);
	Vector step;
	unsigned long steps = 0;
	double target;
	double dstep;
	cout << "Enter target distance (q to quit): ";
	while (cin >> target)
	{
		cout << "Enter step length: ";
		if (!(cin >> dstep))
			break;
		outFile << "Target Distance:" <<target<<", Step Size: "<<dstep << endl;
		while (result.magval() < target)
		{
			direction = rand() % 360;
			step.reset(dstep, direction, Vector::POL);
			result = result + step;
			steps++;
			cout << steps << ": (x,y) = (" << result.xval() << "," << result.yval() <<")"<< endl;
			outFile << steps << ": (x,y) = (" << result.xval() << "," << result.yval() << ")" << endl;
		}
		

		//output the screen
		cout << "After " << steps << " steps ,the subject "
			"has the following locaion\n";
		cout << result << endl;
		//output the file
		outFile << "After " << steps << " steps ,the subject "
			"has the following locaion\n";
		outFile << result << endl;

		result.polar_mode();
		//output the screen
		cout << " or\n" << result << endl;
		cout << " Average outward distance per step = "
			<< result.magval() / steps << endl;
		//output the file
		outFile << " or\n" << result << endl;
		outFile << " Average outward distance per step = "
			<< result.magval() / steps << endl;

		steps = 0;
		result.reset(0.0, 0.0);
		cout << "Enter target distance (q to quit): ";

	}
	cout << "Bye!\n";
	cin.clear();
	while (cin.get() != '\n')
		continue;

	outFile.close();
	return 0;
}

3、本题的头文件与成员函数与第二题相同

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<ctime>
#include"vector.h"
#include<fstream>
//using namespace std;
int main()
{
	using namespace std;
	using VECTOR::Vector;
	srand(time(0));
	double direction;
	Vector result(0.0, 0.0);
	Vector step;
	unsigned long steps = 0;
	double target;
	double dstep;
	unsigned long min, max, N,sum=0;
	
	
		cout << "Enter target distance (q to quit): ";
		while (cin >> target)
		{
			cout << "Enter step length: ";
			if (!(cin >> dstep))
				break;

			cout << "Enter test times: ";
			cin >> N;
			for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
			{
				while (result.magval() < target)
				{
					direction = rand() % 360;
					step.reset(dstep, direction, Vector::POL);
					result = result + step;
					steps++;
				}
				if (i == 0)
				{
					min = max = steps;
				}
				else
				{
					if (steps > max)
						max = steps;
					if (steps < min)
						min = steps;
				}
				sum += steps;
				steps = 0;
				result.reset(0.0, 0.0, Vector::RECT);
			}

			cout << "max steps= " << max
				<< "min  steps= " << min
				<< "average steps= " << sum / N
				<< endl;
			sum = 0;
			cout << "Enter target distance (q to quit): ";	
		}
	cout << "Bye!\n";
	cin.clear();
	while (cin.get() != '\n')
		continue;
	return 0;
}

4、重新编写Time类，使用友元函数。

ifndef MYTIME0_H_
#define MYTIME0_H_
class Time
{
private:
	int hours;
	int minutes;
public:
	Time();
	Time(int h, int m = 0);
	void Addmin(int m);
	void Addhr(int h);
	void reset(int h = 0, int m = 0);
	friend Time operator+(const Time &a,const Time & t);
	friend Time operator-(const Time &a, const Time & t);
	friend Time operator*(const Time &a, const Time & t);
	friend Time operator*(double n, const Time & t);
	friend Time operator*( const Time & t,double n );
	friend std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Time &t);
};
#endif  

#include<iostream>
#include"mytime0.h"
using namespace std;

Time::Time()
{
   minutes = hours = 0;
}
Time::Time(int h, int m)
{
   minutes = m;
   hours = h;
}

void Time::Addmin(int m)
{
   minutes += m;
   hours += minutes / 60;
   minutes %= 60;
}

void Time::Addhr(int h)
{
   hours += h;
}

void Time::reset(int h, int m)
{
   hours = minutes = 0;
}

Time operator+(const Time &t,const Time &a)
{
   Time sum;
   sum.minutes = a.minutes + t.minutes;
   sum.hours = a.hours + t.hours + sum.minutes / 60;
   sum.minutes %= 60;
   return sum;
}
Time operator-(const Time &a, const Time & t)
{
   Time diff;
   int tot1, tot2;
   tot1 = a.minutes + a.hours * 60;
   tot2 = t.minutes + t.hours * 60;
   diff.minutes= (tot1 - tot2)%60;
   diff.hours = (tot1 - tot2) / 60;
   return diff;
}
Time operator*(const Time &a, const Time & t)
{
   Time mult;
   int mu1, mu2;
   mu1 = a.minutes*t.minutes;
   mu2 = a.hours*t.hours;
   mult.hours = mu2 + mu1 / 60;
   mult.minutes = mu1 % 60;
   return mult;
}
Time operator*(double n, const Time & t)
{
   Time result;
   result.minutes = n * t.minutes;
   result.hours = n * t.hours + result.minutes / 60;
   result.minutes %= 60;
   return result;
}

Time operator*(const Time & t, double n)
{
   return n * t;

}

std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Time &t)
{
   os << t.hours << " hours, " << t.minutes << " minutes";
   return os;
}


#include<iostream>
#include"mytime0.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	Time planning;
	Time coding(2, 40);
	Time fixing(5, 55);
	Time total;
	Time Mult;
	int n = 2;
	
	cout << "planning time = ";
	cout << planning;
	cout << endl;

	total = coding + fixing;
	cout << "coding time = ";
	cout << total << endl;

	Mult = coding * fixing;
	cout << "Mult time = ";
	cout << Mult << endl;

	Mult = 2 * fixing;
	cout << "Mult time = ";
	cout << Mult << endl;

	Mult = fixing*2;
	cout << "Mult time = ";
	cout << Mult << endl;
		return 0;
}

5、

/*******************STONEWT.H*********************/
#pragma once
#ifndef STONEWT_H_
#define STONEWT_H_

class Stonewt
{
private:
	enum Mode { STONE, POUNDS };
	enum{Lbs_per_stn=14};
	int stone;
	double pds_left;
	double pounds;
	Mode mode;
public:
	Stonewt(double lbs);
	Stonewt(int stn, double lbs);
	Stonewt();
	~Stonewt();
	void stone_mode()
	{
		mode = STONE;
	}
	void pounds_mode()
	{
		mode = POUNDS;
	}
	//conversion function
	operator int()const;
	operator double()const;
	Stonewt operator+(double l);
	Stonewt operator+(int l);
	Stonewt operator+(const Stonewt &s);
	Stonewt operator*(double n);
	Stonewt operator-(double l);
	Stonewt operator-(int l);
	Stonewt operator-(const Stonewt &l);
	//friends
	friend std::ostream &operator << (std::ostream &os, const Stonewt &s);
	
	friend Stonewt operator*(double n, const Stonewt &t)
	{
		return Stonewt(t.pounds*n);
	}
	friend Stonewt operator-(double n, const Stonewt &t)
	{
		return Stonewt(n-t.pounds);
	}
	friend Stonewt operator+(double a, const Stonewt &s)
	{
		return Stonewt(a + s.pounds);
	}
};
#endif

/*******************STONEWT.CPP*********************/
#include<iostream>
#include"stonewt.h"
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

Stonewt::Stonewt(double lbs)
{
	mode = POUNDS;
	stone = int(lbs) / Lbs_per_stn;
	pds_left = int(lbs) % Lbs_per_stn + lbs - int(lbs);
	pounds = lbs;
}

Stonewt::Stonewt(int stn, double lbs)
{
	mode = POUNDS;
	stone = stn;
	pds_left = lbs;
	pounds = stn * Lbs_per_stn + lbs;
}
Stonewt::Stonewt()
{
	stone = pounds = pds_left = 0.0;
	mode = POUNDS;
}

Stonewt::~Stonewt()
{
}
Stonewt::operator int()const
{
	return int(pounds + 0.5);
}

Stonewt::operator double()const
{
	return pounds;
}

Stonewt Stonewt::operator-(const Stonewt &l)
{
	return Stonewt(pounds - l.pounds);
}
Stonewt Stonewt::operator-(double l)
{
	pounds -= l;
	return Stonewt(pounds);
}
Stonewt Stonewt::operator-(int l)
{
	pounds -= l;
	return Stonewt(pounds);
}
Stonewt Stonewt::operator+(const Stonewt &l)
{
	return Stonewt(pounds + l.pounds);
}
/*
Stonewt Stonewt::operator+(const Stonewt &s)
{
	Stonewt sum;
	sum.pounds = pounds + s.pounds;
	sum.pds_left = int(sum.pounds) %Lbs_per_stn + sum.pounds - (int)sum.pounds;
	sum.stone = sum.pounds / Lbs_per_stn;
	return sum;
}
*/
Stonewt Stonewt::operator*(double n)
{
	return Stonewt(n*pounds);
}

Stonewt Stonewt::operator+(double l)
{
	pounds += l;
	return Stonewt(pounds);
}
Stonewt Stonewt::operator+(int l)
{
	pounds += l;
	return Stonewt(pounds);
}

//friends
std::ostream &operator << (std::ostream &os, const Stonewt &s)
{
	if (s.mode == Stonewt::POUNDS)
		os << s.pounds << " pounds ;" << endl;
	else if (s.mode == Stonewt::STONE)
		os << s.stone << " stone " << s.pds_left << " pounds;" << endl;
	else
		os << "no correct methods";
	return os;
}

/*******************STONE.CPP*********************/
#include<iostream>
#include"stonewt.h"
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
void display(const Stonewt & st, int n);
int main()
{
	Stonewt incognito = 275;
	Stonewt wolfe(285.7);
	Stonewt taft(21, 8);
	Stonewt mult;
	cout << "The celebrity weighed";
	cout << incognito;
	cout << "The detective weighed ";
	wolfe.stone_mode();
	cout << wolfe;
	cout << "The President weighed ";
	

	mult = wolfe + taft;
	mult.pounds_mode();
	cout << mult;
	incognito = 276.8;
	taft = 325;
	//member substraction function
	cout << "member substraction function\n";
	taft=taft-30;
	cout << taft;
	//friend subtraction method;
	cout << "friend substraction function\n";
	taft= 400.0-taft;
	cout << taft;
	//member multiplication function
	cout << "member multiplication function\n";
	mult= taft*3.0;
	cout << mult << endl;

	//friend multiplication function
	cout << "friend multiplication function\n";
	mult =3.0* taft ;
	cout << mult ;
	//member add function
	mult = mult + 50;
	cout << mult;
	//friend add function
	mult = 50.0+mult;
	cout << mult;
	cout << "Afer dinner, the President weighed ";
	display(taft, 2);
	cout << "become big: ";
	mult = 2.0*mult;
	display(mult,1);
	cout << "The werstler weighed enen more.\n";
	display(422, 2);
	cout << "No stone left unearned\n";
	return 0;
}	

void display(const Stonewt &st, int n)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		cout << "Wow! ";
		cout<<st;
	}
}

/*****************COMPLEX.H*******************/
#pragma once
#ifndef COMPLEX_H_
#define COMPLEX_H_
#include<iostream>
using std::ostream;
using std::istream;

class Complex
{
private:
	double A;
	double B;
public:
	Complex();
	Complex(double x, double y);
	~Complex();
	void operator+(const Complex &c);
	void operator-(const Complex &c);
	void operator*(const Complex &c);
	void operator*(double c);
	void operator~();
	double Xval()const { return A; }
	double Yval()const { return B; }
	//friends
	friend ostream & operator<< (ostream &os, const Complex &c);
	friend istream & operator>>(istream &is, Complex &c);
	friend Complex operator*(double c,Complex &x);
	
};
#endif // !COMPLEX_H_

/*****************COMPLEX.CPP*******************/
#include<iostream>
#include"complex.h"
#include<cmath>
using std::endl;
using std::cout;
using std::cin;

Complex::Complex()
{
	A = B = 0.0;
}
Complex::Complex(double x, double y)
{
	A = x;
	B = y;
}
Complex::~Complex()
{

}

void Complex::operator+(const Complex &c)
{
	A = A + c.A;
	B = B + c.A;
}
void  Complex::operator-(const Complex &c)
{
	A = A - c.A;
	B = B - c.A;

}
void  Complex::operator*(const Complex &c)
{
	double x, y;
	x = A;
	y = B;
	A = x*c.A-y*c.A;
	B = x*c.B+y*c.A;
}

void  Complex::operator*(double c)
{
	A = c * A;
	B = c * B;
}
ostream & operator<< (ostream &os, const Complex &c)
{
	os << "(" << c.Xval() << " , " << c.Yval() << "i)" << endl;
	return os;
}
istream & operator>>(istream &is, Complex &c)
{
	cout << "real: ";
	is >> c.A;
	cout << "\n";
	cout << "imaginary: ";
	is >> c.B;
	return is;
 }

Complex operator*(double c, Complex &x)
{
	return Complex(c*x.A,c*x.B);
}

void Complex::operator~()
{
	A = A;
	B = -B;
}

/*****************MAINER.CPP*******************/
#include<iostream>
#include"complex.h"
using std::endl;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;

int main()
{
	Complex X(1, 2);
	Complex Y(3, 4);
	Complex Z;
	cout << "Enter a complex number (q to quit):\n";
	while (cin >> Z)
	{
		cout << "Z is " << Z << '\n';
		//cout <<"complex conjugate is "<<
		cout << "X is " << X << '\n';
		X + Y;
		cout << "X + Y is " << X << '\n';
		X - Y;
		cout << "X - Y is " << X << '\n';
		X * Y;
		cout << "X * Y is " << X << '\n';
		5.0*X ;
		cout << "5.0 * X is" << X << '\n';
		~X;
		cout << "~X is" << X << '\n';
		cout << "Enter a complex number (q to quit):\n";
	}
	cout << "done\n";
	return 0;
}
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