linux--nginx安装

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-30 11:10:53 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-30 11:10:53 发布

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分类专栏：运维 Linux 文章标签： nginx linux 服务器

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44754740/article/details/125202777

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Nginx

技术架构
安装方式
- yum安装
- 编译安装

技术架构

nginx启动时，会生成两种类型的进程，一个是主进程（Master），一个或多个工作进程（Worker）。主进程并不处理网络请求，主要负责调度工作进程，也就是：加载配置、启动工作进程及非停升级。所以，nginx启动以后，查看操作系统的进程列表，我们就能看到至少有两个nginx进程。

服务器实际处理网络请求及响应的是工作进程（worker），在类unix系统上，nginx可以配置多个worker，而每个worker进程都可以同时处理数以千计的网络请求。

模块化设计。nginx的worker，包括核心和功能性模块，核心模块负责维持一个运行循环（run-loop），执行网络请求处理的不同阶段的模块功能，如网络读写、存储读写、内容传输、外出过滤，以及将请求发往上游服务器等。而其代码的模块化设计，也使得我们可以根据需要对功能模块进行适当的选择和修改，编译成具有特定功能的服务器。

事件驱动、异步及非阻塞，可以说是nginx得以获得高并发、高性能的关键因素，同时也得益于对Linux、Solaris及类BSD等操作系统内核中事件通知及I/O性能增强功能的采用，如kqueue、epoll及event
ports。

代理（proxy）设计，可以说是nginx深入骨髓的设计，无论是对于HTTP，还是对于FastCGI、memcache、Redis等的网络请求或响应，本质上都采用了代理机制。所以，nginx天生就是高性能的代理服务器

安装方式

yum安装

配置yum源文件

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo ```
[nginx_yum]
name=nginx
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true

加载yum源

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base                                                       | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                     | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
mysql-connectors-community                                 | 2.6 kB  00:00:00     
mysql-tools-community                                      | 2.6 kB  00:00:00     
mysql57-community                                          | 2.6 kB  00:00:00     
nginx_yum                                                  | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                    | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/3): nginx_yum/7/x86_64/filelists_db                     | 314 kB  00:00:03     
(2/3): nginx_yum/7/x86_64/other_db                         | 143 kB  00:00:01     
(3/3): nginx_yum/7/x86_64/primary_db                       | 235 kB  00:00:08     
元数据缓存已建立

yum安装nginx

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum -y install nginx
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 nginx.x86_64.1.1.21.6-1.el7.ngx 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libpcre2-8.so.0()(64bit)，它被软件包 1:nginx-1.21.6-1.el7.ngx.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 pcre2.x86_64.0.10.23-2.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

==================================================================================
 Package       架构           版本                        源                 大小
==================================================================================
正在安装:
 nginx         x86_64         1:1.21.6-1.el7.ngx          nginx_yum         796 k
为依赖而安装:
 pcre2         x86_64         10.23-2.el7                 base              201 k

事务概要
==================================================================================
安装  1 软件包 (+1 依赖软件包)

总下载量：998 k
安装大小：3.3 M
Downloading packages:
(1/2): pcre2-10.23-2.el7.x86_64.rpm                        | 201 kB  00:00:01     
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/nginx_yum/packages/nginx-1.21.6-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 7bd9bf62: NOKEY
nginx-1.21.6-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm 的公钥尚未安装
(2/2): nginx-1.21.6-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm                   | 796 kB  00:00:14     
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计                                                  68 kB/s | 998 kB  00:14     
从 https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key 检索密钥
导入 GPG key 0x7BD9BF62:
 用户ID     : "nginx signing key <signing-key@nginx.com>"
 指纹       : 573b fd6b 3d8f bc64 1079 a6ab abf5 bd82 7bd9 bf62
 来自       : https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  正在安装    : pcre2-10.23-2.el7.x86_64                                      1/2 
  正在安装    : 1:nginx-1.21.6-1.el7.ngx.x86_64                               2/2 
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Thanks for using nginx!

Please find the official documentation for nginx here:
* https://nginx.org/en/docs/

Please subscribe to nginx-announce mailing list to get
the most important news about nginx:
* https://nginx.org/en/support.html

Commercial subscriptions for nginx are available on:
* https://nginx.com/products/

----------------------------------------------------------------------
  验证中      : pcre2-10.23-2.el7.x86_64                                      1/2 
  验证中      : 1:nginx-1.21.6-1.el7.ngx.x86_64                               2/2 

已安装:
  nginx.x86_64 1:1.21.6-1.el7.ngx                                                 

作为依赖被安装:
  pcre2.x86_64 0:10.23-2.el7                                                      

完毕！

开启服务

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl start nginx
Job for nginx.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status nginx.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

出现错误

排错

输入systemctl status nginx
观察发现端口绑定失败

6月 09 14:07:29 localhost.localdomain nginx[21265]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
6月 09 14:07:30 localhost.localdomain nginx[21265]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
6月 09 14:07:30 localhost.localdomain nginx[21265]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
6月 09 14:07:31 localhost.localdomain nginx[21265]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
6月 09 14:07:31 localhost.localdomain nginx[21265]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
6月 09 14:07:32 localhost.localdomain nginx[21265]: nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()

解决问题
查看端口被谁占用

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# netstat -nultp | grep 80
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      8069/httpd          
tcp6       0      0 :::443                  :::*                    LISTEN      8069/httpd

发现被httpd服务占用
关闭httpd服务再次开启nginx服务
查看状态

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl  start nginx
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl  status nginx
● nginx.service - nginx - high performance web server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 四 2022-06-09 14:14:07 CST; 7s ago
     Docs: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
  Process: 28915 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 28916 (nginx)
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─28916 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
           ├─28917 nginx: worker process
           ├─28918 nginx: worker process
           ├─28919 nginx: worker process
           └─28920 nginx: worker process

6月 09 14:14:07 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting nginx - high performance web server...
6月 09 14:14:07 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Can't open PID file /var/run/nginx.pid (yet?) after start: No such file or directory
6月 09 14:14:07 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started nginx - high performance web server.

编译安装

安装编译环境

[root@localhost nginx]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make ncurses ncurses-devel

安装pcre、openssl、zlib

yum install -y pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel zlib zlib-devel

创建用户、组

useradd nginx
groupadd nginx

下载解压nginx安装包

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz

5.编译安装

```bash
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar xf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx-1.18.0/
```

[root@localhost nginx-1.18.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --group=nginx --user=nginx --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/fastcgi --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-http_realip_module --with-stream

make && make install

6.启动

[root@localhost sbin]# pwd
/usr/local/nginx/sbin
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx 
如果启动出现下列问题：
nginx: [emerg] mkdir() "/tmp/nginx/client_body" failed (2: No such file or directory)
解决方案：
[root@localhost sbin]# mkdir -pv /tmp/nginx/client_body
然后再次启动
[root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx