Chapter1:Introduction
1.Definition
A Distributed System is a collection of independent computers that appears to its users as a single coherent system.
- Components autonomous
- Transparent to users
No assumptions about:
- Type of computers
- Interconnecting approaches
Characteristics:
- Differences between components and communications are hidden
- Consistent and uniform
- Easy to expand or scale
- Available
2.Middleware
3.Goals
3.1 Resources Accessible
Resources: printers\computers\storage facilities\data\files\web pages\networks and anything else.
Reasons:
- Share
- Exchange
- Security
3.2 Transparency(hidden to users)
Transparent:“A distributed system that is able to present itself to users and applications as if it were only a single computer system”
3.2.1 Types
Access
- For example, a distributed system may have computer systems that run different operating systems, each having their own file-naming conventions. Differences in naming conventions, as well as how files can be manipulated, should all be hidden from users and applications.
Location
-
Naming: using logical name (such as Url)
-
Migration/Relocation: An example of relocation transparency is when
mobile users can continue to use their wireless laptops while moving
from place to place without ever being (temporarily) disconnected.
Replication
- Consequently, a system that supports replication transparency should generally support location transparency as well
Concurrency
- Competitive sharing of resources:multiple users accessing same resource simultaneously.
- Locking mechanisms