sqlmap参数、使用、Tamper、API

sqlmap

sqlmap is released under the terms of the GPLv2, which means that any derivative work must be distributed without further restrictions on the rights granted by the General Public License itself.

下载&升级

git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/sqlmapproject/sqlmap.git sqlmap-dev

pip install --upgrade sqlmap
python sqlmap.py --update

git pull

获取帮助

python sqlmap.py -h
python sqlmap.py -hh

使用

Usage: python sqlmap.py [options]

Options:
  -h, --help            Show basic help message and exit
  -hh                   Show advanced help message and exit
  --version             Show program's version number and exit
  -v VERBOSE            Verbosity level: 0-6 (default 1)

确定目标

Target:
    At least one of these options has to be provided to define the target(s)
    至少使用下列一个选项用来确定目标

    -u URL, --url=URL   Target URL (e.g. "http://www.site.com/vuln.php?id=1")
    -d DIRECT           Connection string for direct database connection
                        直接数据库连接的连接字符串
    -l LOGFILE          Parse target(s) from Burp or WebScarab proxy log file
                        通过Burp或WebScarab的日志文件确定目标
    -m BULKFILE         Scan multiple targets given in a textual file
                        通过给出的txt文件扫描多个目标
    -r REQUESTFILE      Load HTTP request from a file
                        从一个文件中加载HTTP请求
    -g GOOGLEDORK       Process Google dork results as target URLs
                        将Google Dork结果作为目标URL进行处理
    -c CONFIGFILE       Load options from a configuration INI file
                        从配置INI文件中加载选项

请求配置

Request:
  These options can be used to specify how to connect to the target URL

  -A AGENT, --user..  HTTP User-Agent header value
  -H HEADER, --hea..  Extra header (e.g. "X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1")
  --method=METHOD     Force usage of given HTTP method (e.g. PUT)
  --data=DATA         Data string to be sent through POST (e.g. "id=1")
  --param-del=PARA..  Character used for splitting parameter values (e.g. &)
  --cookie=COOKIE     HTTP Cookie header value (e.g. "PHPSESSID=a8d127e..")
  --cookie-del=COO..  Character used for splitting cookie values (e.g. ;)
  --live-cookies=L..  Live cookies file used for loading up-to-date values
  --load-cookies=L..  File containing cookies in Netscape/wget format
  --drop-set-cookie   Ignore Set-Cookie header from response
  --mobile            Imitate smartphone through HTTP User-Agent header
  --random-agent      Use randomly selected HTTP User-Agent header value
  --host=HOST         HTTP Host header value
  --referer=REFERER   HTTP Referer header value
  --headers=HEADERS   Extra headers (e.g. "Accept-Language: fr\nETag: 123")
  --auth-type=AUTH..  HTTP authentication type (Basic, Digest, NTLM or PKI)
  --auth-cred=AUTH..  HTTP authentication credentials (name:password)
  --auth-file=AUTH..  HTTP authentication PEM cert/private key file
  --ignore-code=IG..  Ignore (problematic) HTTP error code (e.g. 401)
  --ignore-proxy      Ignore system default proxy settings
  --ignore-redirects  Ignore redirection attempts
  --ignore-timeouts   Ignore connection timeouts
  --proxy=PROXY       Use a proxy to connect to the target URL
  --proxy-cred=PRO..  Proxy authentication credentials (name:password)
  --proxy-file=PRO..  Load proxy list from a file
  --proxy-freq=PRO..  Requests between change of proxy from a given list
  --tor               Use Tor anonymity network
  --tor-port=TORPORT  Set Tor proxy port other than default
  --tor-type=TORTYPE  Set Tor proxy type (HTTP, SOCKS4 or SOCKS5 (default))
  --check-tor         Check to see if Tor is used properly
  --delay=DELAY       Delay in seconds between each HTTP request
  --timeout=TIMEOUT   Seconds to wait before timeout connection (default 30)
  --retries=RETRIES   Retries when the connection timeouts (default 3)
  --randomize=RPARAM  Randomly change value for given parameter(s)
  --safe-url=SAFEURL  URL address to visit frequently during testing
  --safe-post=SAFE..  POST data to send to a safe URL
  --safe-req=SAFER..  Load safe HTTP request from a file
  --safe-freq=SAFE..  Regular requests between visits to a safe URL
  --skip-urlencode    Skip URL encoding of payload data
  --csrf-token=CSR..  Parameter used to hold anti-CSRF token
  --csrf-url=CSRFURL  URL address to visit for extraction of anti-CSRF token
  --csrf-method=CS..  HTTP method to use during anti-CSRF token page visit
  --csrf-retries=C..  Retries for anti-CSRF token retrieval (default 0)
  --force-ssl         Force usage of SSL/HTTPS
  --chunked           Use HTTP chunked transfer encoded (POST) requests
  --hpp               Use HTTP parameter pollution method
  --eval=EVALCODE     Evaluate provided Python code before the request (e.g.
                      "import hashlib;id2=hashlib.md5(id).hexdigest()")

优化

Optimization:
    These options can be used to optimize the performance of sqlmap
    这些选项可以优化sqlmap的性能
    -o                  Turn on all optimization switches
                        打开所有优化开关
    --predict-output    Predict common queries output
                        预测常见的查询输出
    --keep-alive        Use persistent HTTP(s) connections
    --null-connection   Retrieve page length without actual HTTP response body
                        检索页面长度，无需实际HTTP响应正文
    --threads=THREADS   Max number of concurrent HTTP(s) requests (default 1)

注入

Injection:
    These options can be used to specify which parameters to test for,
    provide custom injection payloads and optional tampering scripts
    这些选项可用于指定要测试的参数、提供自定义注入有效负载和可选篡改脚本。
    -p TESTPARAMETER    Testable parameter(s)
    --skip=SKIP         Skip testing for given parameter(s)
    --skip-static       Skip testing parameters that not appear to be dynamic
    --param-exclude=..  Regexp to exclude parameters from testing (e.g. "ses")
    --param-filter=P..  Select testable parameter(s) by place (e.g. "POST")
    --dbms=DBMS         Force back-end DBMS to provided value
                        强制后端的DBMS提供值
    --dbms-cred=DBMS..  DBMS authentication credentials (user:password)
    --os=OS             Force back-end DBMS operating system to provided value
    --invalid-bignum    Use big numbers for invalidating values
    --invalid-logical   Use logical operations for invalidating values
    --invalid-string    Use random strings for invalidating values
    --no-cast           Turn off payload casting mechanism
    --no-escape         Turn off string escaping mechanism
    --prefix=PREFIX     Injection payload prefix string
    --suffix=SUFFIX     Injection payload suffix string
    --tamper=TAMPER     Use given script(s) for tampering injection data

检测

Detection:
    These options can be used to customize the detection phase
    这些选项可用于自定义检测阶段
    --level=LEVEL       Level of tests to perform (1-5, default 1)
    --risk=RISK         Risk of tests to perform (1-3, default 1)
    --string=STRING     String to match when query is evaluated to True
    --not-string=NOT..  String to match when query is evaluated to False
    --regexp=REGEXP     Regexp to match when query is evaluated to True
    --code=CODE         HTTP code to match when query is evaluated to True
    --smart             Perform thorough tests only if positive heuristic(s)
    --text-only         Compare pages based only on the textual content
    --titles            Compare pages based only on their titles

技术

Techniques:
    These options can be used to tweak testing of specific SQL injection
    techniques
    这些选项可用于调整特定SQL注入的测试技术
    --technique=TECH..  SQL injection techniques to use (default "BEUSTQ")
    --time-sec=TIMESEC  Seconds to delay the DBMS response (default 5)
    --union-cols=UCOLS  Range of columns to test for UNION query SQL injection
    --union-char=UCHAR  Character to use for bruteforcing number of columns
    --union-from=UFROM  Table to use in FROM part of UNION query SQL injection
    --dns-domain=DNS..  Domain name used for DNS exfiltration attack
    --second-url=SEC..  Resulting page URL searched for second-order response
                        搜索二阶响应的结果页面URL
    --second-req=SEC..  Load second-order HTTP request from file

指纹

Fingerprint:
    -f, --fingerprint   Perform an extensive DBMS version fingerprint

枚举

Enumeration:
    These options can be used to enumerate the back-end database
    management system information, structure and data contained in the
    tables
    这些选项可用于枚举表中包含的后端数据库管理系统信息、结构和数据
    -a, --all           Retrieve everything
    -b, --banner        Retrieve DBMS banner
    --current-user      Retrieve DBMS current user
    --current-db        Retrieve DBMS current database
    --hostname          Retrieve DBMS server hostname
    --is-dba            Detect if the DBMS current user is DBA
    --users             Enumerate DBMS users
    --passwords         Enumerate DBMS users password hashes
    --privileges        Enumerate DBMS users privileges
    --roles             Enumerate DBMS users roles
    --dbs               Enumerate DBMS databases
    --tables            Enumerate DBMS database tables
    --columns           Enumerate DBMS database table columns
    --schema            Enumerate DBMS schema
    --count             Retrieve number of entries for table(s)
    --dump              Dump DBMS database table entries
    --dump-all          Dump all DBMS databases tables entries
    --search            Search column(s), table(s) and/or database name(s)
    --comments          Check for DBMS comments during enumeration
    --statements        Retrieve SQL statements being run on DBMS
    -D DB               DBMS database to enumerate
    -T TBL              DBMS database table(s) to enumerate
    -C COL              DBMS database table column(s) to enumerate
    -X EXCLUDE          DBMS database identifier(s) to not enumerate
    -U USER             DBMS user to enumerate
    --exclude-sysdbs    Exclude DBMS system databases when enumerating tables
    --pivot-column=P..  Pivot column name
    --where=DUMPWHERE   Use WHERE condition while table dumping
    --start=LIMITSTART  First dump table entry to retrieve
    --stop=LIMITSTOP    Last dump table entry to retrieve
    --first=FIRSTCHAR   First query output word character to retrieve
    --last=LASTCHAR     Last query output word character to retrieve
    --sql-query=SQLQ..  SQL statement to be executed
    --sql-shell         Prompt for an interactive SQL shell
    --sql-file=SQLFILE  Execute SQL statements from given file(s)

暴力攻击

Brute force:
    These options can be used to run brute force checks
    这些选项被用于暴力攻击
    --common-tables     Check existence of common tables
    --common-columns    Check existence of common columns
    --common-files      Check existence of common files

用户自定义函数注入

User-defined function injection:
    These options can be used to create custom user-defined functions
    这些选项可用于创建自定义用户定义的函数
    --udf-inject        Inject custom user-defined functions
    --shared-lib=SHLIB  Local path of the shared library

文件系统访问

File system access:
    These options can be used to access the back-end database management
    system underlying file system
    这些选项用于访问数据库管理系统后潜在的文件系统
    --file-read=FILE..  Read a file from the back-end DBMS file system
    --file-write=FIL..  Write a local file on the back-end DBMS file system
    --file-dest=FILE..  Back-end DBMS absolute filepath to write to

操作系统访问

Windows registry access:
    These options can be used to access the back-end database management
    system Windows registry

    --reg-read          Read a Windows registry key value
    --reg-add           Write a Windows registry key value data
    --reg-del           Delete a Windows registry key value
    --reg-key=REGKEY    Windows registry key
    --reg-value=REGVAL  Windows registry key value
    --reg-data=REGDATA  Windows registry key value data
    --reg-type=REGTYPE  Windows registry key value type

全局设置

General:
    These options can be used to set some general working parameters

    -s SESSIONFILE      Load session from a stored (.sqlite) file
    -t TRAFFICFILE      Log all HTTP traffic into a textual file
    --answers=ANSWERS   Set predefined answers (e.g. "quit=N,follow=N")
    --base64=BASE64P..  Parameter(s) containing Base64 encoded data
    --base64-safe       Use URL and filename safe Base64 alphabet (RFC 4648)
    --batch             Never ask for user input, use the default behavior
    --binary-fields=..  Result fields having binary values (e.g. "digest")
    --check-internet    Check Internet connection before assessing the target
    --cleanup           Clean up the DBMS from sqlmap specific UDF and tables
    --crawl=CRAWLDEPTH  Crawl the website starting from the target URL
    --crawl-exclude=..  Regexp to exclude pages from crawling (e.g. "logout")
    --csv-del=CSVDEL    Delimiting character used in CSV output (default ",")
    --charset=CHARSET   Blind SQL injection charset (e.g. "0123456789abcdef")
    --dump-format=DU..  Format of dumped data (CSV (default), HTML or SQLITE)
    --encoding=ENCOD..  Character encoding used for data retrieval (e.g. GBK)
    --eta               Display for each output the estimated time of arrival
    --flush-session     Flush session files for current target
    --forms             Parse and test forms on target URL
    --fresh-queries     Ignore query results stored in session file
    --gpage=GOOGLEPAGE  Use Google dork results from specified page number
    --har=HARFILE       Log all HTTP traffic into a HAR file
    --hex               Use hex conversion during data retrieval
    --output-dir=OUT..  Custom output directory path
    --parse-errors      Parse and display DBMS error messages from responses
    --preprocess=PRE..  Use given script(s) for preprocessing (request)
    --postprocess=PO..  Use given script(s) for postprocessing (response)
    --repair            Redump entries having unknown character marker (?)
    --save=SAVECONFIG   Save options to a configuration INI file
    --scope=SCOPE       Regexp for filtering targets
    --skip-heuristics   Skip heuristic detection of SQLi/XSS vulnerabilities
    --skip-waf          Skip heuristic detection of WAF/IPS protection
    --table-prefix=T..  Prefix used for temporary tables (default: "sqlmap")
    --test-filter=TE..  Select tests by payloads and/or titles (e.g. ROW)
    --test-skip=TEST..  Skip tests by payloads and/or titles (e.g. BENCHMARK)
    --web-root=WEBROOT  Web server document root directory (e.g. "/var/www")

混杂选项

Miscellaneous:
    These options do not fit into any other category

    -z MNEMONICS        Use short mnemonics (e.g. "flu,bat,ban,tec=EU")
    --alert=ALERT       Run host OS command(s) when SQL injection is found
    --beep              Beep on question and/or when SQLi/XSS/FI is found
    --dependencies      Check for missing (optional) sqlmap dependencies
    --disable-coloring  Disable console output coloring
    --list-tampers      Display list of available tamper scripts
    --offline           Work in offline mode (only use session data)
    --purge             Safely remove all content from sqlmap data directory
    --results-file=R..  Location of CSV results file in multiple targets mode
    --shell             Prompt for an interactive sqlmap shell
    --tmp-dir=TMPDIR    Local directory for storing temporary files
    --unstable          Adjust options for unstable connections
    --update            Update sqlmap
    --wizard            Simple wizard interface for beginner users

常用命令

python sqlmap.py -u "http://www.target.com/vuln.php"  --user -v 2  --method=POST --data="id=1" --param-del=";"
python sqlmap.py --url "http://www.target.com/vuln.php?id=1*"  --user -vv
python sqlmap.py --url "http://www.target.com/vuln.php?id=1"  -p id
python sqlmap.py --url "http://www.target.com/vuln.php?id=1&username=name"  --skip “username,id”
python sqlmap.py -l "log_file" --user
python sqlmap.py -m "multiples_file"
python sqlmap.py -r "request_file"
waybackurls www.target.com | python sqlmap.py  #  from piped-input
python sqlmap.py -g "inurl:\".php?id=1\""  # from Google dork
python sqlmap.py -c sqlmap.conf # from a configuration INI file

# multiples_file
www.target1.com/vuln1.php?q=foobar
www.target2.com/vuln2.asp?id=1
www.target3.com/vuln3/id/1*

# requsetfile
POST /vuln.php HTTP/1.1
Host: www.target.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0

id=1

直连数据库

 python sqlmap.py -d "mysql://admin:admin@192.168.21.17:3306/testdb" -f --banner --dbs --user

cookie

--cookie, --cookie-del, --live-cookies, --load-cookies and --drop-set-cookie

user-agent

--user-agent, --random-agent

--host
--referer
--headers

HTTP认证

The three supported HTTP protocol authentication mechanisms are:

• Basic

• Digest

• NTLM

python sqlmap.py -u "http://192.168.136.131/sqlmap/mysql/basic/get_int.php?id=1"、
 --auth-type Basic --auth-cred "testuser:testpass"

HTTP协议私钥身份验证

–auth-file=key_file.txt

使用代理

--proxy, --proxy-cred, --proxy-file and --ignore-proxy

Tor 匿名网络

--tor, --tor-port, --tor-type and --check-tor

网络延迟设置

Option: --delay 默认没有延迟设置

在超时之前等待的秒数

Option: --timeout=30

tamper脚本

tamper 脚本在sqlmap的tamper目录之下，写tamper脚本需要定义一个优先级和两个函数

tamper脚本实例：

#!/usr/bin/env python

"""
Copyright (c) 2006-2021 sqlmap developers (http://sqlmap.org/)
See the file 'LICENSE' for copying permission
"""

from lib.core.convert import encodeBase64
from lib.core.enums import PRIORITY
# 这两个库的位置在sqlmap主目录下lib目录中，可以调用其他第三方库

__priority__ = PRIORITY.LOW  
# 七个等级：LOWEST、LOWER、LOW、NORMAL、HIGH、HIGHER、HIGHEST
# 加载多个tamper，谁的优先级高，谁被优先使用

def dependencies():
    pass  # dependencies函数声明该脚本适用/不适用的范围，可以为空。

def tamper(payload, **kwargs):
    """
    Base64-encodes all characters in a given payload

    >>> tamper("1' AND SLEEP(5)#")
    'MScgQU5EIFNMRUVQKDUpIw=='
    """
    return encodeBase64(payload, binary=False) if payload else payload
    # 传入值为原payload字符串，返回值值为经过加工后的payload

使用tamper脚本

python sqlmap.py --url "http://www.target.com/vuln.php?id=1*"  --tamper "space2commet,versionedmorekeywords.py"

sqlmap API

sqlmap API 本质是sqlmap打开一个web服务器，然后通过使用http协议与客户端进行交互

开启sqlmap API

python sqlmapapi.py -s
python sqlmapapi.py -s -H "0.0.0.0" -p 8775

sqlmap 客户端命令行模式

python sqlmapapi.py -c
python sqlmapapi.py -c -H "192.168.1.101" -p 8775

命令行接口模式命令

api> help
help           显示帮助信息
new ARGS       开启一个新的扫描任务
use TASKID     切换taskid
data           获取当前任务返回的数据
log            获取当前任务的扫描日志
status         获取当前任务的扫描状态
option OPTION  获取当前任务的选项
options        获取当前任务的所有配置信息
stop           停止当前任务
kill           杀死当前任务
list           显示所有任务列表
flush          清空所有任务
exit           退出客户端

基于HTTP协议的接口模式：

## “@get”就说明需要通过GET请求的，“@post”就说明需要通过POST请求的；
## POST请求需要修改HTTP头中的Content-Type字段为application/json
#辅助
@get('/error/401')    
@get("/task/new")
@get("/task/<taskid>/delete")

#Admin 命令
@get("/admin/list")
@get("/admin/<token>/list")
@get("/admin/flush")
@get("/admin/<token>/flush")

#sqlmap 核心交互命令
@get("/option/<taskid>/list")
@post("/option/<taskid>/get")
@post("/option/<taskid>/set")
@post("/scan/<taskid>/start")
@get("/scan/<taskid>/stop")
@get("/scan/<taskid>/kill")
@get("/scan/<taskid>/status")
@get("/scan/<taskid>/data")
@get("/scan/<taskid>/log/<start>/<end>")
@get("/scan/<taskid>/log")
@get("/download/<taskid>/<target>/<filename:path>")

脚本实例：

import requsets
r = requests.get("http://ip:port/task/new")  # 创建新任务
print(r.json())  # {"success": True, "taskid": taskid}
r = requests.post("http://ip:port/task/taskid/start", data=json.dump{"url":"http://host:port/target.php","data":"keyword=1"})
# 开启新任务

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