高效字符流、数据输入输出流、内存操作流、打印流

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-15 08:38:18 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-12-15 08:38:18 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44807446/article/details/97191604

版权

一、BufferedReader和BufferedWriter

高效的字符流
BufferedReader从字符输入流中读取文本，缓冲各个字符，从而实现字符。数组和行的高效读取

        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("a.txt"));
        BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("aa.txt"));
        //可以指定缓冲区的大小，也可以使用默认的大小
        char[] chars = new char[1024];
        int len=0;
        while((len=reader.read(chars))!=-1){
            writer.write(chars,0,len);
            writer.flush();
        }
        reader.close();
        writer.close();

BufferedReader它有一个特殊的方法，readLine()一次读取一行内容

        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("MyTest3.java"));
        //读取一行，写出一行来复制
        BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("Test.java"));
        String line=null;
        //BufferedReader有一个特殊的方法，一次读取一行
        while ((line=reader.readLine())!=null){
            writer.write(line);
            writer.newLine();//换行符
        }
        reader.close();
        writer.close();

二、案例演示

需求：把ArrayList集合中的字符串数据存储到文本文件

        ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add("张艺");
        list.add("梨儿");
        list.add("姗姗");
        list.add("思思");
        list.add("王五");
        BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("cc.txt"));
        for (String s : list) {
            writer.write(s);
            writer.newLine();
            writer.flush();
        }
        writer.close();

需求：从文本文件中读取数据(每一行为一个字符串数据) 到集合中，并遍历集合

        ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("cc.txt"));
        String str=null;
        while((str=reader.readLine())!=null){
            list.add(str);
        }
        reader.close();
        for (String s : list) {
            System.out.println(s);
        }

需求：我有一个文本文件，每一行是一个学生的名字，请写一个程序，每次允许随机获取一个学生名称

        ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("Student.txt"));
        String str=null;
        while((str=reader.readLine())!=null){
            list.add(str);
        }
        reader.close();

        Random random = new Random();
        int index = random.nextInt(list.size());
        String s = list.get(index);
        System.out.println(s);

Scanner类

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(new File("a.txt"));//构建一个Scanner对象，它生成的值是从指定文件中扫描的
        while(scanner.hasNextLine()){
            //与BufferedReader和BufferedWriter一样，也是读一行写一行
            String s = scanner.nextLine();
            System.out.println(s);
        }

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(new FileInputStream("a.txt"));//构建一个scanner对象，它生成的值是从指定的输入流中扫描的
        while(scanner.hasNextLine()){
            String s = scanner.nextLine();
            System.out.println(s);
        }

       //Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);//从键盘录入数据
        
        InputStream in = System.in;//in关联的是键盘
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(in);

复制文件夹

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        File srcFile = new File("E:\\音乐");
        File targetFile = new File("D:\\" + srcFile.getName());
        if(!targetFile.exists()){
            targetFile.mkdirs();
        }
        copyFolder(srcFile,targetFile);
    }

    private static void copyFolder(File srcFile,File targetFile) throws IOException {
        File[] files = srcFile.listFiles();
        for (File f : files) {
            if(f.isFile()){
                copyFile(f,targetFile);
            }else{
                File file = new File(targetFile, f.getName());
                if(!file.exists()){
                    file.mkdirs();
                }
                copyFolder(f,file);
            }
        }
    }

    private static void copyFile(File f,File targetFile) throws IOException {
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(f);
        File newFile = new File(targetFile, f.getName());
        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(newFile);
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024 * 8];
        int len=0;
        while((len=in.read(bytes))!=-1){
            out.write(bytes,0,len);
            out.flush();
        }
        in.close();
        out.close();
    }

复制文件夹并改名
复制D:\demo目录下所有文件到E:\demo.并且将其后缀名以.png结尾的更改为.jpg

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        File srcFile = new File("D:\\demo");
        File targetFile = new File("E:\\" + srcFile.getName());
        if(!targetFile.exists()){
            targetFile.mkdirs();
        }
        copyFolder(srcFile,targetFile);
    }

    private static void copyFolder(File srcFile,File targetFile) throws IOException {
        File[] files = srcFile.listFiles();
        for (File f : files) {
            if(f.isFile()){
                copyFile(f,targetFile);
            }else{
                File file = new File(targetFile, f.getName());
                if(!file.exists()){
                    file.mkdirs();
                }
                copyFolder(f,file);
            }
        }
    }

    private static void copyFile(File f,File targetFile) throws IOException {
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(f);
        String name = f.getName();
        if(name.endsWith(".png")){
            name=name.replace(".png",".jpg");
        }
        File newFile = new File(targetFile, name);
        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(newFile);
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024 * 8];
        int len=0;
        while((len=in.read(bytes))!=-1){
            out.write(bytes,0,len);
            out.flush();
        }
        in.close();
        out.close();
    }

需求：键盘录入3个学生信息(姓名, 语文成绩(chineseScore),数学成绩(mathScore), 英语成绩(englishScore)), 按照总分从高到低存入文本文件

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        TreeSet<Student> treeSet = new TreeSet<>(new Comparator<Student>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(Student s1, Student s2) {
                int i = s1.getTotalScore() - s2.getTotalScore();
                int i1 = i == 0 ? s1.getName().compareTo(s2.getName()) : i;
                return -i1;
            }
        });
        for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
            Student student = new Student();
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
            System.out.println("请输入第"+i+"个学生姓名");
            String name = scanner.nextLine();
            student.setName(name);
            System.out.println("请输入第"+i+"个学生的语文成绩");
            int yw = scanner.nextInt();
            student.setChineseScore(yw);
            System.out.println("请输入第"+i+"个学生的数学成绩");
            int sx = scanner.nextInt();
            student.setMathScore(sx);
            System.out.println("请输入第"+i+"个学生的英语成绩");
            int yy = scanner.nextInt();
            student.setEnglishScore(yy);
            treeSet.add(student);
        }

        BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("student.txt"));
        writer.write("序号"+"\t"+"姓名"+"\t"+"语文"+"\t"+"数学"+"\t"+"英语"+"\t"+"总分");
        writer.flush();
        writer.newLine();
        int index=1;
        for (Student student : treeSet) {
            writer.write(index+"\t"+student.getName()+"\t"+student.getChineseScore()+"\t"+student.getMathScore()+"\t"+student.getEnglishScore()+"\t"+student.getTotalScore());
            writer.flush();
            writer.newLine();
            index++;
        }
        writer.close();
    }

三、数据输入输出流

DataInputStream和DataOutputStream
数据输入输出流的特点：能够读写基本数据类型

DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("b.txt"));
        out.writeBoolean(false);
        out.writeUTF("你好");
        out.writeDouble(3.14);
        out.writeInt(100);
        out.close();

DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream("b.txt"));
//怎么写的就怎么读，顺序不要乱
        boolean b = in.readBoolean();
        String s = in.readUTF();
        double v = in.readDouble();
        int i = in.readInt();
        in.close();

四、内存操作流

内存操作流，不关联文件，只是内存对数据进行读写

1.操作字节数组（ByteArrayInputStream和ByteArrayOutputStream）

ByteArrayOutputStream此类实现了一个输出流，其中的数据被写入byte数组，缓冲区会随着数据的写入不断增强。可使用toByteArray()和toString()获取数据

        //关闭此流无效，此类中的方法在关闭流后仍可被调用
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        //写数据
        out.write("横眉冷对".getBytes());
        out.write("俯首甘为".getBytes());
        //取出缓冲区的数据
        byte[] allBytes = out.toByteArray();
        String s = new String(allBytes);
        System.out.println(s);
//        取出缓冲区的数据
//        String s1 = out.toString();
//        System.out.println(s1);

        ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(allBytes);
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024 * 8];
        int len=in.read(bytes);
        String s1 = new String(bytes, 0, len);
        System.out.println(s1);

2.操作字符数组（CharArrayReader和CharArrayWrite）

       CharArrayWriter writer = new CharArrayWriter();
        writer.write("abc");
        writer.write("abc");
        writer.write("abc");
        //取出缓冲区里的数据
        char[] chars = writer.toCharArray();
        System.out.println(String.valueOf(chars));
        System.out.println(writer.toString());

3.操作字符串（StringReader和StringWriter）

      StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
        writer.write("abc");
        writer.append("abc");
        System.out.println(writer.toString());

五、打印流

打印流：只操作目的地，不关联源文件

1.字节打印流PrintStream

PrintStream printStream = new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream("b.txt"));
        printStream.write("字节打印流".getBytes());
        printStream.print(true);
        printStream.print(100);
        printStream.close();

        PrintStream out = System.out;
        out.write("abc".getBytes());
        out.print(3.14);
        System.out.println("abc");

2.字符打印流

       //参数2：true自动刷新
        //如果启用了自动刷新，则只有在调用println、printf 或 format 的其中一个方法时才可能完成此操作
        PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream("b.txt",true));
        writer.write("字符打印流");
        writer.println("abc");
        writer.println("abc");
        writer.println("abc");
        writer.println("abc");
        writer.flush();
        writer.close();

案例演示

把多个文件合成一个文件

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        FileInputStream in1 = new FileInputStream("许巍 - 曾经的你.mp3");
        FileInputStream in2 = new FileInputStream("辛晓琪 - 领悟.mp3");
        FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("歌曲串烧");
        ArrayList<FileInputStream> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(in1);
        list.add(in2);
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024 * 8];
        int len=0;
        for (FileInputStream in : list) {
            while((len=in.read(bytes))!=-1){
                out.write(bytes,0,len);
                out.flush();
            }
            in.close();
        }
        out.close();
    }

打印流复制文本文件

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("test.java"));
        PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream("aa.java"), true);
        String line=null;
        while((line=reader.readLine())!=null){
            printWriter.println(line);
        }
        reader.close();
        printWriter.close();
    }

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(new File("test.java"));
        PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream("bb.java"));
        while(scanner.hasNextLine()){
            String s = scanner.nextLine();
            printWriter.println(s);
        }
        scanner.close();
        printWriter.close();
    }

键盘录入的方式

//方式一
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入数据");
        int i = scanner.nextInt();
        System.out.println(i);
//方式二
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        System.out.println("请输入字符串");
        String s = reader.readLine();
        System.out.println(s);

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高效字符流、数据输入输出流、内存操作流、打印流

一、BufferedReader和BufferedWriter高效的字符流BufferedReader从字符输入流中读取文本，缓冲各个字符，从而实现字符。数组和行的高效读取 BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("a.txt")); BufferedWriter writer = ne...
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