球坐标中的散度计算公式
∇
⋅
F
=
1
h
1
h
2
h
3
[
∂
∂
u
1
(
h
2
h
3
F
1
)
+
∂
∂
u
2
(
h
3
h
1
F
2
)
+
∂
∂
u
3
(
h
1
h
2
F
3
)
]
\nabla \cdot \mathbf{F}=\frac{1}{h_1 h_2 h_3}\left[\frac{\partial}{\partial u_1}\left(h_2 h_3 F_1\right)+\frac{\partial}{\partial u_2}\left(h_3 h_1 F_2\right)+\frac{\partial}{\partial u_3}\left(h_1 h_2 F_3\right)\right]
∇⋅F=h1h2h31[∂u1∂(h2h3F1)+∂u2∂(h3h1F2)+∂u3∂(h1h2F3)]
其中h为拉梅系数，对应速度的散度为
∇
⋅
v
=
1
r
2
∂
∂
r
(
r
2
v
r
)
+
1
r
sin
θ
∂
∂
θ
(
sin
θ
v
θ
)
+
1
r
sin
θ
∂
v
ϕ
∂
ϕ
\boldsymbol{\nabla} \cdot \mathbf{v}=\frac{1}{r^2} \frac{\partial}{\partial r}\left(r^2 v_r\right)+\frac{1}{r \sin \theta} \frac{\partial}{\partial \theta}\left(\sin \theta v_\theta\right)+\frac{1}{r \sin \theta} \frac{\partial v_\phi}{\partial \phi}
∇⋅v=r21∂r∂(r2vr)+rsinθ1∂θ∂(sinθvθ)+rsinθ1∂ϕ∂vϕ
其中
θ
\theta
θ为余纬。回到球面中，
v
r
=
0
,
r
=
a
v_r=0,r=a
vr=0,r=a，则有
∇
⋅
v
=
1
r
sin
θ
∂
∂
θ
(
sin
θ
v
θ
)
+
1
r
sin
θ
∂
v
ϕ
∂
ϕ
=
1
r
∂
v
θ
∂
θ
+
v
θ
r
tan
θ
+
1
r
sin
θ
∂
v
ϕ
∂
ϕ
\boldsymbol{\nabla} \cdot \mathbf{v}=\frac{1}{r \sin \theta} \frac{\partial}{\partial \theta}\left(\sin \theta v_\theta\right)+\frac{1}{r \sin \theta} \frac{\partial v_\phi}{\partial \phi}\\ =\frac{1}{r} \frac{\partial v_\theta}{\partial \theta}+\frac{v_\theta}{r\tan \theta}+\frac{1}{r \sin \theta} \frac{\partial v_\phi}{\partial \phi}
∇⋅v=rsinθ1∂θ∂(sinθvθ)+rsinθ1∂ϕ∂vϕ=r1∂θ∂vθ+rtanθvθ+rsinθ1∂ϕ∂vϕ
NCL中的数值计算方法如下
According to H.B. Bluestein [Synoptic-Dynamic Meteorology in Midlatitudes, 1992, Oxford Univ. Press p113-114], let D represent the partial derivative, a the radius of the earth, phi the latitude and dx2/dy2 the appropriate longitudinal and latitudinal spacing, respectively. Then, letting j be the latitude y-subscript, and i be the longitude x-subscript:
dv = Dv/Dy + Du/Dx -(v/a)*tan(phi)
dv(j,i) = (v(j+1,i)-v(j-1,i))/dy2(j)
+ (u(j,i+1)-u(j,i-1))/dx2(j)
- (v(j,i)/a)*tan(phi(j))
2万+
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