初识HTML
什么是HTML:Hyper Text Markup Language(超文本标记语言),超文本包括文字、图片、音频、视频、动画等 HTML5,提供了一些新的元素和一些有趣的新特性,同时也建立了一些新的规则。这些元素、特性和规则的建立,提供了许多新的网页功能,如使用网页实现动态渲染图形、图表、图象和动画,以及不需要安装任何插件直接使用网页播放视频等 W3C标准
World Wide Web Consortium(万维网联盟)成立于1994年,是Web技术领域最权威和具影响力的国际中立性技术标准机构 W3C标准包括:结构化标准语言(HTML、XML),表现标准语言(CSS)和行为标准(DOM、ECMAScript)
网页基本信息
DOCTYPE html:告诉浏览器我们要使用html规范,去掉也可以,因为浏览器默认使用html规范 head标签代表网页头部 body标签代表网页主体 title标签是网页标题 meta是描述性标签,用来描述网站的一些信息,一般用来做SEO,在meta里写的内容不像body里那样会出现在网页上,而是打开源代码查看后才能看到
网页基本标签
<! DOCTYPE html >
< html lang = " en" >
< head>
< meta charset = " UTF-8" >
< title> 基本标签</ title>
</ head>
< body>
< h1> 一级标签</ h1>
< h2> 二级标签</ h2>
< h3> 三级标签</ h3>
< h4> 四级标签</ h4>
< h5> 五级标签</ h5>
< h6> 六级标签</ h6>
< p> 两只老虎,两只老虎</ p>
< p> 跑得快,跑得快</ p>
两只老虎,两只老虎< br/>
跑得快,跑得快< br/>
< hr/>
< strong> 粗体</ strong>
< em> 斜体</ em>
空格 空格
大于号>
小于号<
版权符号©
注释就是上面这种格式,快捷键为ctrl+/
</ body>
</ html>
图像标签
常见的图像格式:JPG、GIF、PNG、BMP
<! DOCTYPE html >
< html lang = " en" >
< head>
< meta charset = " UTF-8" >
< title> 图像标签</ title>
</ head>
< body>
< img src = " ../resources/images/lena.jpg" alt = " lena图" title = " 悬停文字" width = " 300" height = " 300" >
</ body>
</ html>
超链接标签及应用
<! DOCTYPE html >
< html lang = " en" >
< head>
< meta charset = " UTF-8" >
< title> 链接标签</ title>
</ head>
< body>
< a name = " top" > 顶部</ a>
< a href = " 3.图像标签.html" target = " _blank" > 点击跳转到图像标签页面</ a>
< br/>
< a href = " https://www.baidu.com" target = " _self" > 点击跳转到百度</ a>
< br/>
< a href = " https://www.baidu.com" >
< img src = " ../resources/images/lena.jpg" alt = " lena图" title = " 悬停文字" width = " 300" height = " 300" >
</ a>
< p>
为了体现锚链接效果,多写一堆东西让页面出现滑动条
< img src = " ../resources/images/lena.jpg" alt = " lena图" title = " 悬停文字" width = " 300" height = " 300" >
</ p>
< p>
为了体现锚链接效果,多写一堆东西让页面出现滑动条
< img src = " ../resources/images/lena.jpg" alt = " lena图" title = " 悬停文字" width = " 300" height = " 300" >
</ p>
< p>
为了体现锚链接效果,多写一堆东西让页面出现滑动条
< img src = " ../resources/images/lena.jpg" alt = " lena图" title = " 悬停文字" width = " 300" height = " 300" >
</ p>
< p>
为了体现锚链接效果,多写一堆东西让页面出现滑动条
< img src = " ../resources/images/lena.jpg" alt = " lena图" title = " 悬停文字" width = " 300" height = " 300" >
</ p>
< a href = " #top" > 回到顶部</ a>
< a href = " 3.图像标签.html#down" > </ a>
< br/>
< a href = " mailto:123456@qq.com" > 点击联系我</ a>
< br/>
< a target = " _blank" href = " http://wpa.qq.com/msgrd?v=3&uin=&site=qq&menu=yes" >
< img border = " 0" src = " http://wpa.qq.com/pa?p=2::53" alt = " 点击这里在线咨询" title = " 点击这里在线咨询" />
</ a>
</ body>
</ html>
块元素和行内元素
块元素:无论内容多少,该元素独占一行,比如段落标签p,标题标签h1~h6,写出来之后都是另起一行 行内元素:内容撑开宽度,左右都是行内元素的可以排在一行,比如a标签,粗体标签strong,斜体标签em,写出来可以并列放在同一行
列表标签
列表就是信息资源的一种展现形式。它可以使信息结构化和条理化,并以列表的样式显示出来,以便浏览者能更快捷地获得相应的信息 列表包括有序列表、无序列表和定义列表
<! DOCTYPE html >
< html lang = " en" >
< head>
< meta charset = " UTF-8" >
< title> 列表</ title>
</ head>
< body>
< ol>
< li> 前端</ li>
< li> 后端</ li>
</ ol>
< ul>
< li> 前端</ li>
< li> 后端</ li>
</ ul>
< dl>
< dt> java</ dt>
< dd> 前端</ dd>
< dd> 后端</ dd>
</ dl>
</ body>
</ html>
表格标签
<! DOCTYPE html >
< html lang = " en" >
< head>
< meta charset = " UTF-8" >
< title> 表格</ title>
</ head>
< body>
< table border = " 1px" >
< tr>
< td colspan = " 2" > 1-1</ td>
< td> 1-2</ td>
</ tr>
< tr>
< td rowspan = " 2" > 2-1</ td>
< td> 2-2</ td>
< td> 2-3</ td>
</ tr>
< tr>
< td> 3-1</ td>
< td> 3-2</ td>
</ tr>
</ table>
</ body>
</ html>
媒体元素(视频、音频)
<! DOCTYPE html >
< html lang = " en" >
< head>
< meta charset = " UTF-8" >
< title> 媒体元素</ title>
</ head>
< body>
< video src = " ../resources/video/视频.mp4" controls autoplay > </ video>
< audio src = " ../resources/audio/音频.mp3" controls autoplay > </ audio>
</ body>
</ html>
页面结构分析
元素名 描述 header 头部区域的内容(用于页面或页面中的一块区域) footer 脚部区域的内容(用于页面或页面中的一块区域) section Web页面中的一块独立区域 article 独立的文章内容 aside 相关内容或应用(常用于侧边栏) nav 导航类辅助内容
iframe内联框架
<! DOCTYPE html >
< html lang = " en" >
< head>
< meta charset = " UTF-8" >
< title> 内联框架</ title>
</ head>
< body>
< iframe src = " https://www.huya.com" name = " hello" frameborder = " 0" width = " 1000px" height = " 1000px" > </ iframe>
< a href = " https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44812479?spm=1001.2014.3001.5343" target = " hello" > 点击跳转</ a>
</ body>
</ html>
初识表单post和get提交
<! DOCTYPE html >
< html lang = " en" >
< head>
< meta charset = " UTF-8" >
< title> 表单</ title>
</ head>
< body>
< h1> 注册</ h1>
< form action = " 3.图像标签.html" method = " get" >
< p> 用户名:< input type = " text" name = " username" > </ p>
< p> 密码:< input type = " password" name = " pwd" > </ p>
< p>
< input type = " submit" >
< input type = " reset" >
</ p>
</ form>
</ body>
</ html>
表单的一些基本控件
属性 说明 type 指定元素的类型,默认为text。text、password、checkbox、radio、submit、reset、file、hidden、image和button name 指定表单元素的名称 value 元素的初始值。type为radio时必须指定一个值 size 指定表单元素的初始宽度。当type为text或password时,表单元素的大小以字符为单位。对于其他类型,宽度以像素为单位 maxlength type为text或password时,输入的最大字符数 checked type为radio或checked时,指定按钮是否是被选中
<! DOCTYPE html >
< html lang = " en" >
< head>
< meta charset = " UTF-8" >
< title> 表单</ title>
</ head>
< body>
< h1> 注册</ h1>
< form action = " 3.图像标签.html" method = " get" >
< p> 用户名:< input type = " text" name = " username" value = " zcf" maxlength = " 8" size = " 30" > </ p>
< p> 密码:< input type = " password" name = " pwd" > </ p>
< p> 性别:
< input type = " radio" value = " boy" name = " sex" checked > 男
< input type = " radio" value = " girl" name = " sex" > 女
</ p>
< p> 爱好:
< input type = " checkbox" value = " sleep" name = " hobby" checked > 睡觉
< input type = " checkbox" value = " code" name = " hobby" > 敲代码
< input type = " checkbox" value = " chat" name = " hobby" > 聊天
< input type = " checkbox" value = " game" name = " hobby" > 打游戏
</ p>
< p> 下拉框:
< select name = " 列表名称" >
< option value = " CHN" selected > 中国</ option>
< option value = " USA" > 美国</ option>
< option value = " JPN" > 日本</ option>
</ select>
</ p>
< p> 文本域:
< textarea name = " textarea" cols = " 50" rows = " 10" > 文本内容</ textarea>
</ p>
< p> 文件域:
< input type = " file" name = " files" >
</ p>
< p> 邮箱:
< input type = " email" name = " email" >
</ p>
< p> URL:
< input type = " url" name = " url" >
</ p>
< p> 数字:
< input type = " number" name = " number" max = " 100" min = " 0" step = " 10" >
</ p>
< p> 滑块:
< input type = " range" name = " voice" min = " 0" max = " 100" step = " 2" >
</ p>
< p> 搜索框:
< input type = " search" name = " search" >
</ p>
< p> 按钮:
< input type = " button" name = " btn1" value = " 点击" >
< input type = " submit" >
< input type = " reset" >
< input type = " image" src = " ../resources/images/lena.jpg" >
</ p>
</ form>
</ body>
</ html>
表单的应用
<! DOCTYPE html >
< html lang = " en" >
< head>
< meta charset = " UTF-8" >
< title> 表单应用</ title>
</ head>
< body>
< p> 只读:
< input type = " text" name = " username" value = " admin" readonly >
</ p>
< p> 隐藏:
< input type = " password" name = " pwd" value = " 123456" hidden >
</ p>
< p> 禁用:
< input type = " radio" name = " sex" value = " boy" disabled > 男
< input type = " radio" name = " sex" value = " girl" > 女
</ p>
< p> 点击label可以自动锁定到文本框:
< label for = " mark" > label</ label>
< input type = " text" id = " mark" >
</ p>
</ body>
</ html>
表单初级验证
<! DOCTYPE html >
< html lang = " en" >
< head>
< meta charset = " UTF-8" >
< title> 表单初级验证</ title>
</ head>
< body>
< form action = " 3.图像标签.html" method = " get" >
< p>
用户名:< input type = " text" name = " username" placeholder = " 请输入用户名" >
密码:< input type = " password" name = " pwd" required >
</ p>
< p> 自定义邮箱:
< input type = " text" name = " diymail" pattern = " ^\w+([-+.]\w+)*@\w+([-.]\w+)*\.\w+([-.]\w+)*$" >
</ p>
< p> 按钮:
< input type = " submit" >
< input type = " reset" >
</ p>
</ form>
</ body>
</ html>