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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-08 19:36:14 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-08 19:36:14 发布

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分类专栏： Linux基础文章标签： linux centos 服务器运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44817257/article/details/115597249

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前言

   这是最近学习的第一个服务，在此跟大家进行分享，如有错误及不足之处，希望大家能够留言，谢谢！
   基础环境：server ：centos 8           client ：centos 8

yum应用环境

   yum服务是Redhat公司发行的一种包管理工具，是rpm的前端程序，可在多个程序间定位软件包，
   解决安装rpm包时出现的相关依赖问题，一般用于局域网服务搭建。

原理

基于Client/Server架构，现在服务器搭建yum仓库-yum repository，将事先准备好的rpm包及其元数据上传到repository目录下，yum客户端利用自有yum工具从repository中的元数据进行下载安装，查询包之间的依赖关系，并进行下载安装。

前置操作

关闭防火墙：关闭之后进行防火墙状态查看结果
临时关闭：systemctl stop firewalld;
永久关闭：systemctl disable firewalld;
状态查看：systemctl status firewalld;
临时关闭防火墙

[root@Centos8 ~ 13:44:59]systemctl stop firewalld
[root@Centos8 ~ 13:44:59]#systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Sun 2021-04-11 13:44:32 CST; 36s ago
     Docs: man:firewalld(1)
  Process: 1263 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 1263 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

永久关闭防火墙

[root@Centos8 ~ 13:46:45]#systemctl disable firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

对防火墙熟悉的朋友可以直接在策略里开放已经配置好的端口即可，我就不在这里赘述了。
2. 关闭selinux

[root@Centos8 ~ 13:51:27]#vim /etc/selinux/config 

  1 
  2 # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
  3 # SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
  4 #     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
  5 #     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
  6 #     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
  7 SELINUX=disabled                                                                                               
  8 # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these three values:
  9 #     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
 10 #     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. 
 11 #     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
 12 SELINUXTYPE=targeted

不熟练的朋友还是建议直接vim操作，这样清楚直观，也不会改错；熟练的朋友可以用sed等文本编辑工具进行操作。

yum服务搭建

一、首先是yum服务器（server）部署：

挂载个光盘到mnt目录
挂载并进行结果查看

[root@Centos8 ~ 13:54:15]#mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@Centos8 ~ 13:54:53]#lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0  200G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0    4G  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0  100G  0 part /
├─sda3   8:3    0   50G  0 part /data
├─sda4   8:4    0    1K  0 part 
└─sda5   8:5    0    4G  0 part [SWAP]
sr0     11:0    1    7G  0 rom  /mnt

服务器端安装http服务
我的已经安装过了，就给大家演示一下命令。

[root@Centos8 ~ 11:45:19]#yum install httpd
Last metadata expiration check: 1:21:32 ago on Sun 11 Apr 2021 12:37:55 PM CST.
Package httpd-2.4.37-30.module_el8.3.0+561+97fdbbcc.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!

需要修改端口的，切换至conf目录修改默认的80端口

[root@Centos8 ~ 13:59:28]#cd /etc/httpd/conf
[root@Centos8 /etc/httpd/conf 14:01:12]#ls
httpd.conf  magic
[root@Centos8 /etc/httpd/conf 14:01:13]#vim httpd.conf 

 38 # ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
 39 # directive.：
 40 #
 41 # Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to 
 42 # prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
 43 #                                                                                                              
 44 #Listen 12.34.56.78:80
 45 Listen 80

修改之后保存即可。
3. 创建目标文件夹，为拷贝文件做准备。
我这里没有做版本区分，可以分版本创建

[root@Centos8 /var/www/html 14:04:40]#mkdir -p /var/www/html/centos/{7,8}/
[root@Centos8 /var/www/html 14:07:42]#ls
Apache  centos  Haproxy  JDK  Nginx  package  rpm包  Tomcat  Weblogic  部署-2018-04-11.chm

从光盘拷贝文件到目录
由于包文件比较大，所需时间较长，希望大家可以合理安排时间。

[root@Centos8 /var/www/html/centos/8 14:10:56]#cp -a /mnt/*  /var/www/html/centos/8
[root@Centos8 /var/www/html/centos/8 14:15:03]#ls
AppStream  BaseOS  EFI  images  isolinux  media.repo  TRANS.TBL

开启http服务：
systemctl start httpd 临时开启服务
systemctl enable httpd 设置服务开机启动

[root@Centos8 /var/www/html/centos/8 14:18:58]#systemctl start httpd
[root@Centos8 /var/www/html/centos/8 14:19:15]#systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Sun 2021-04-11 11:28:33 CST; 2h 50min ago
     Docs: man:httpd.service(8)
 Main PID: 1404 (httpd)
   Status: "Total requests: 2; Idle/Busy workers 100/0;Requests/sec: 0.000195; Bytes served/sec:   0 B/sec"
    Tasks: 213 (limit: 11266)
   Memory: 23.0M
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─1404 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1979 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1981 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─1982 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─1983 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

Apr 11 11:28:23 Centos8 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Apr 11 11:28:33 Centos8 httpd[1404]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified dom>
Apr 11 11:28:33 Centos8 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Apr 11 11:28:33 Centos8 httpd[1404]: Server configured, listening on: port 80

最后显示的就是http服务的默认端口，如果服务启动后有报错，根据报错日志进行排除。
6. 本机浏览器进行访问
在这里插入图片描述
为啥就可以直接访问了，因为我们把文件拷贝到了httpd.conf的默认目录里了，所以就可以直接访问了。
二、客户端（client）文件配置
7. 切换至yum仓库目录
先创建bak文件夹，备份系统默认仓库到bak文件夹

[root@centOS8 ~ 14:25:49]#cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@centOS8 /etc/yum.repos.d 14:25:57]#ls
repo.bak  test.repo

用vim写一个repo格式的文件

[root@centOS8 /etc/yum.repos.d 14:25:58]#vim test.repo 

  1 [BaseOS]
  2 name=BaseOS
  3 baseurl=http://10.0.0.151/centos/8/BaseOS
  4 gpgcheck=0
  5 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosoffical                                                       
  6 
  7 [AppStream]
  8 name=AppStream
  9 baseurl=http://10.0.0.151/centos/8/AppStream
 10 gpgcheck=0
 11 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosoffical

保存退出即可
配置文件里面IP保证客户端（client）可以访问，这里我没有用yum的函数，熟练的朋友就直接用函数吧，文件夹路径要正确无误，一个字母和标点也不要有，以免浪费时间。我当时就多了一个字母，老半天找不到问题。
接下来就是检查网络是否畅通，看来网络通畅，没有丢包。

[root@centOS8 /etc/yum.repos.d 14:31:28]#ping -c10 10.0.0.151
PING 10.0.0.151 (10.0.0.151) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.0.151: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.540 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.151: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.441 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.151: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.467 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.151: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.655 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.151: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.576 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.151: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=2.70 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.151: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=2.87 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.151: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=3.46 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.151: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=2.76 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.151: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=0.541 ms

--- 10.0.0.151 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 134ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.441/1.500/3.457/1.196 ms

清除之前的yum缓存，重新构建缓存

[root@centOS8 /etc/yum.repos.d 14:31:55]#yum clean all
13 files removed
[root@centOS8 /etc/yum.repos.d 14:34:39]#yum makecache
BaseOS                                                                              16 MB/s | 2.2 MB     00:00    
AppStream                                                                           30 MB/s | 5.4 MB     00:00    
Metadata cache created.

yum源检查

[root@centOS8 /etc/yum.repos.d 14:36:17]#yum repolist
repo id                                                   repo name
AppStream                                                 AppStream
BaseOS                                                    BaseOS

接下来就可以直接使用配置好的yum服务了
我安装一个memcached服务，以后也会用到，大家先提前认识一下。

[root@centOS8 /etc/yum.repos.d 14:38:40]#yum install memcached.x86_64 
Last metadata expiration check: 0:02:23 ago on Sun 11 Apr 2021 02:39:28 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
===================================================================================================================
 Package                    Architecture            Version                       Repository                  Size
===================================================================================================================
Installing:
 memcached                  x86_64                  1.5.9-2.el8                   AppStream                  132 k

Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 132 k
Installed size: 282 k
Downloading Packages:
memcached-1.5.9-2.el8.x86_64.rpm                                                   3.8 MB/s | 132 kB     00:00    
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                              3.6 MB/s | 132 kB     00:00     
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                           1/1 
  Running scriptlet: memcached-1.5.9-2.el8.x86_64                                                              1/1 
  Installing       : memcached-1.5.9-2.el8.x86_64                                                              1/1 
  Running scriptlet: memcached-1.5.9-2.el8.x86_64                                                              1/1 
  Verifying        : memcached-1.5.9-2.el8.x86_64                                                              1/1 

Installed:
  memcached-1.5.9-2.el8.x86_64                                                                                     

Complete!

卸载已经安装的memcached服务

[root@centOS8 /etc/yum.repos.d 14:42:45]#yum remove memcached.x86_64 
Dependencies resolved.
===================================================================================================================
 Package                    Architecture            Version                      Repository                   Size
===================================================================================================================
Removing:
 memcached                  x86_64                  1.5.9-2.el8                  @AppStream                  282 k

Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================
Remove  1 Package

Freed space: 282 k
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
  Preparing        :                                                                                           1/1 
  Running scriptlet: memcached-1.5.9-2.el8.x86_64                                                              1/1 
  Erasing          : memcached-1.5.9-2.el8.x86_64                                                              1/1 
  Running scriptlet: memcached-1.5.9-2.el8.x86_64                                                              1/1 
  Verifying        : memcached-1.5.9-2.el8.x86_64                                                              1/1 

Removed:
  memcached-1.5.9-2.el8.x86_64                                                                                     

Complete!

   至此，本地yum服务就部署完了，如有不足之处，还请大家能够及时留言，有时间就会回复，谢谢！

weixin_44817257

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