Android蓝牙聊天功能

1.蓝牙通信简介

1.1蓝牙

蓝牙(Bluetooth)是-种支持设备短距离(一般10 m内)通信的无线电技术，能在包括移动电话、PDA、无线耳机、笔记本电脑、相关外设等众多设备之间进行无线信息交换。蓝牙采用分散式网络结构以及快跳频和短包技术，支持点对点及一点对多点通信，工作在全球通用的2.4GHzISM (即工业、科学、医学)频段，其数据速率为1 Mbps。蓝牙采用时分双工传输方案实现全双工传输。

1.2蓝牙工作流程

2.核心代码

2.1布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/bg01">

    <!--新版Android支持的Toolbar，对标题栏布局-->
    <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
        android:id="@+id/toolbar"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">
        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:orientation="horizontal">
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/title_left_text"
                style="?android:attr/windowTitleStyle"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:gravity="left"
                android:ellipsize="end"
                android:singleLine="true" />
            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/title_right_text"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:ellipsize="end"
                android:gravity="right"
                android:singleLine="true"
                android:textColor="#fff" />
        </LinearLayout>
    </android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar>

    <ListView android:id="@+id/in"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:stackFromBottom="true"
        android:transcriptMode="alwaysScroll"
        android:layout_weight="1" />
    <LinearLayout
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
        <EditText android:id="@+id/edit_text_out"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_gravity="bottom" />
        <Button android:id="@+id/button_send"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/send"/>
    </LinearLayout>
</LinearLayout>

2.2服务组件ChatService

/*
    本程序ChatService是蓝牙会话的服务程序
    定义了3个内部类：AcceptThread（接受新连接）、ConnectThread（发出连接）和ConnectedThread （已连接）
*/
public class ChatService {
   
    //本应用的主Activity组件名称
    private static final String NAME = "BluetoothChat";
    // UUID：通用唯一识别码,是一个128位长的数字，一般用十六进制表示
    //算法的核心思想是结合机器的网卡、当地时间、一个随机数来生成
    //在创建蓝牙连接
    private static final UUID MY_UUID = UUID.fromString("fa87c0d0-afac-11de-8a39-0800200c9a66");
    private final BluetoothAdapter mAdapter;
    private final Handler mHandler;
    private AcceptThread mAcceptThread;
    private ConnectThread mConnectThread;
    private ConnectedThread mConnectedThread;
    private int mState;
    public static final int STATE_NONE = 0;
    public static final int STATE_LISTEN = 1;
    public static final int STATE_CONNECTING = 2;
    public static final int STATE_CONNECTED = 3;

    //构造方法，接收UI主线程传递的对象
    public ChatService(Context context, Handler handler) {
   
        //构造方法完成蓝牙对象的创建
        mAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
        mState = STATE_NONE;
        mHandler = handler;
    }

    private synchronized void setState(int state) {
   
        mState = state;
        mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_STATE_CHANGE, state, -1).sendToTarget();
    }

    public synchronized int getState() {
   
        return mState;
    }

    public synchronized void start() {
   
        if (mConnectThread != null) {
   
            mConnectThread.cancel();
            mConnectThread = null;
        }
        if (mConnectedThread != null) {
   
            mConnectedThread.cancel();
            mConnectedThread = null;
        }
        if (mAcceptThread == null) {
   
            mAcceptThread = new AcceptThread();
            mAcceptThread.start();
        }
        setState(STATE_LISTEN);
    }

    //取消 CONNECTING 和 CONNECTED 状态下的相关线程，然后运行新的 mConnectThread 线程
    public synchronized void connect(BluetoothDevice device) {
   
        if (mState == STATE_CONNECTING) {
   
            if (mConnectThread != null) {
   
                mConnectThread.cancel();
                mConnectThread = null;
            }
        }
        if (mConnectedThread != null) {
   
            mConnectedThread.cancel();
            mConnectedThread = null;
        }
        mConnectThread = new ConnectThread(device);
        mConnectThread.start();
        setState(STATE_CONNECTING);
    }

    /*
        开启一个 ConnectedThread 来管理对应的当前连接。之前先取消任意现存的 mConnectThread 、
        mConnectedThread 、 mAcceptThread 线程，然后开启新 mConnectedThread ，传入当前刚刚接受的
        socket 连接。最后通过 Handler来通知UI连接
     */
    public synchronized void connected(BluetoothSocket socket, BluetoothDevice device) {
   
        if (mConnectThread != null) {
   
            mConnectThread.cancel();
            mConnectThread = null;
        }
        if (mConnectedThread != null) {
   
            mConnectedThread.cancel();
            mConnectedThread = null;
        }
        if (mAcceptThread != null) {
   
            mAcceptThread.cancel();
            mAcceptThread = null;
        }
        mConnectedThread = new ConnectedThread(socket);
        mConnectedThread.start();
        Message msg = mHandler.obtainMessage(BluetoothChat.MESSAGE_DEVICE_NAME);
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.putString(BluetoothChat.DEVICE_NAME, device.getName());
        msg.setData(bundle);
        mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
        setState(STATE_CONNECTED);
    }

    // 停止所有相关线程，设当前状态为 NONE
    public synchronized void stop() {
   
        if (mConnectThread != null) {
   
            mConnectThread.cancel();
            mConnectThread = null;
        }
        if (mConnectedThread != null) {
   
            mConnectedThread.cancel();
            mConnectedThread = null;
        }
        if (mAcceptThread != null) {
   
            mAcceptThread.cancel(