Java-网络编程学习（三）

一个简单的多客户命令行聊天程序

客户端

package com.sehun.Multi;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;

public class MultiClientTalk {
    int num;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 5285);
            System.out.println("Client run!"+"\n");
            //键盘输入流，获取用户从键盘输入的信息
            BufferedReader sin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            //输出流，从客户端将信息发送给服务端
            PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
            //输入流，接收来自网络上服务端发送给本程序的信息
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
            String line = sin.readLine();
            String readLine = null;
            //用户通过“over”字符串来告诉程序是否结束
            while(!line.equals("over")){
                out.println(line);
                //强制输出数据（清空缓冲区的数据流）
                out.flush();
                readLine = in.readLine();
                if (readLine==null){
                    System.out.println("服务端已下线，请输入【over】结束本次聊天");
                }else
                    System.out.println("Server: "+readLine);
                line = sin.readLine();
            }
            out.close();
            in.close();
            socket.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

服务端

package com.sehun.Multi;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.ServerSocket;

public class MultiServerTalk {
    static int clientNum = 0;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        boolean receiving = true;
        try {
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(5285);
            System.out.println("Server Run !"+"\n");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("不能连接到 5285 端口");
            System.exit(-1);
        }

        while (receiving){
            new ServerThread(serverSocket.accept(),clientNum).start();
            clientNum++;
        }
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

package com.sehun.Multi;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;

public class ServerThread extends Thread{
    Socket socket = null;
    int clientNum;
    public ServerThread(Socket socket,int clientNum){
        this.socket = socket;
        this.clientNum = clientNum+1;
    }
    public void run(){
        System.out.println("Client"+clientNum+"连接过来了");
        try{
            //键盘输入流，获取用户从键盘输入的信息
            BufferedReader sin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            //输出流，将服务端的内容发送给客户端
            PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
            //输入流，读取来自客户端发给它的信息
            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));

            String readLine = in.readLine();
            System.out.println("Client"+clientNum+" :"+readLine);
            String line = sin.readLine();
            while (!line.equals("over")){
                out.println(line);
                out.flush();
                readLine = in.readLine();
                if (readLine==null){
                    System.out.println("客户端"+clientNum+"已下线，输入【over】可结束本次聊天");
                }else
                    System.out.println("Client"+clientNum+" :"+readLine);
                line = sin.readLine();
            }
            out.close();
            in.close();
            socket.close();
        }catch(Exception e){
            System.out.println("error");
        }
    }
}

运行结果

一个简单的带界面的双人聊天程序

聊天框

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

public class ChatFrame extends JFrame implements ActionListener {
    //文本输入框，用于接收聊天时的输入
    JTextField tf;
    //用来展示聊天记录
    JTextArea ta;
    //滚动面板
    JScrollPane sp;
    //发送
    JButton button;
    //面板，承载JButton JTextField两个类的对象
    JPanel p;

    int port;
    String s = "";
    //聊天界面对应的用户id
    String userID;
    Date date;
    ServerSocket serverSocket;
    Socket socket;
    //接收输入
    BufferedReader in;
    //发送输出
    PrintWriter out;
    String line;

    /*
    * ID--我自己的ID
    * remotelID--对应的和我聊天的远程ID
    * isServer--判断是服务端还是客户端
    */
    public ChatFrame(String ID,String remotelID,String IP,int port,boolean isServer){
        super(ID);
        userID = ID;
        this.port = port;
        ta = new JTextArea();
        //设置该文本区域（聊天记录框）不可编辑
        ta.setEditable(false);
        //将ta放到滚动面板里
        sp = new JScrollPane(ta);
        //设置窗口大小
        this.setSize(330,400);
        this.setResizable(false);
        try {
            //设置显示风格
            UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
        }catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //将滚动面板的对象放到整个窗口的中间
        this.getContentPane().add(sp,"Center");
        p = new JPanel();
        this.getContentPane().add(p,"South");
        button = new JButton("发送");
        //文本输入区域，宽度为20个字符
        tf = new JTextField(20);
        //将输入光标放在JTextField对象tf上
        tf.requestFocus();
        //将tf和button都放到面板中
        p.add(tf);
        p.add(button);
        //设置窗口可退出
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        //窗口可显示
        this.setVisible(true);
        //注册监听器，处理这些事件的对象为this--当前对象
        button.addActionListener(this);
        tf.addActionListener(this);
        if (isServer){
            try{
                serverSocket = null;
                try {
                    serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    System.out.println("不能连接到客户端");
                }
                socket = null;
                try {
                    socket = serverSocket.accept();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
                out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
            }catch (Exception e){
                System.out.println(e);
            }
        }else{
            try {
                socket = new Socket(IP,port);
                in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
                out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                System.out.println(e);
            }
        }
        while (true){
            try{
                //获得输入
                line = in.readLine();
                //获得信息的时间
                date = new Date();
                SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
                String cuurrentTime = format.format(date);
                s+=remotelID+"---"+cuurrentTime+"：\n"+line+"\n";
                //加到聊天记录框里
                ta.setText(s);
            }catch (Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    //处理本地信息,文本框输入的信息
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        date = new Date();
        SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        String cuurrentTime = format.format(date);
        s+=userID+"---"+cuurrentTime+"：\n"+tf.getText()+"\n";
        //将输入框的内容加到聊天记录框
        ta.setText(s);
        //将输入框的内容输出
        out.println(tf.getText());
        out.flush();
        //清空输入框
        tf.setText("");
        //获得焦点
        tf.requestFocus();
    }
}

启动

//服务端
public class ServerFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ChatFrame cserver = new ChatFrame("巴西龟", "百香果", "127.0.0.1", 2026, true);
    }
}
//客户端
public class ClientFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ChatFrame("百香果", "巴西龟", "127.0.0.1", 2026, false);
    }
}

运行结果

数据报通信

UDP协议

• User Datagram Protocol 用户数据报协议
• 非面向连接的提供不可靠的数据包式的数据传输协议。
• 基于UDP协议进行网络通讯的类：DatagramPacket,DatagramSocket,MulticastSocket等

TCP协议

• 面向连接的能够提供可靠的流式数据传输的协议
• 基于TCP协议进行网络通讯的类：URL,URLConnection，Socket，ServerSocket

代码实现

• DatagramSocket(int port)
• DatagramPacket(byte[] buf,int length)----接收
• DatagramPacket(byte[] buf, int offset, int length, InetAddress address, int port)----发送

接收数据报

DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buf,256);
socket.receive(packet);

发送数据报

DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buf,buf.length,address,port);
socket.send(packet);