计算机系统基础日志No.4
深递归的例子
文章目录
一,源程序及编译运行
1.源程序
/* Example of deep recursion */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int recurse(int x) {
int a[1<<15]; /* 4 * 2^15 = 64 KiB */
printf("x = %d. a at %p\n", x, a);
a[0] = (1<<14)-1;
a[a[0]] = x-1;
if (a[a[0]] == 0)
return -1;
return recurse(a[a[0]]) - 1;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
int x = 100;
if (argc > 1)
x = atoi(argv[1]);
int v = recurse(x);
printf("x = %d. recurse(x) = %d\n", x, v);
return 0;
}
2.编译运行
lwh@lwh-virtual-machine:~$ touch runaway.c
lwh@lwh-virtual-machine:~$ gedit runaway.c
lwh@lwh-virtual-machine:~$ gcc runaway.c
lwh@lwh-virtual-machine:~$ gcc runaway.c -o runaway
lwh@lwh-virtual-machine:~$ ./runaway
x = 100. a at 0x7ffc26838c30
x = 99. a at 0x7ffc26818c00
x = 98. a at 0x7ffc267f8bd0
x = 97. a at 0x7ffc267d8ba0
x = 96. a at 0x7ffc267b8b70
x = 95. a at 0x7ffc26798b40
x = 94. a at 0x7ffc26778b10
x = 93. a at 0x7ffc26758ae0
x = 92. a at 0x7ffc26738ab0
x = 91. a at 0x7ffc26718a80
x = 90. a at 0x7ffc266f8a50
x = 89. a at 0x7ffc266d8a20
x = 88. a at 0x7ffc266b89f0
x = 87. a at 0x7ffc266989c0
x = 86. a at 0x7ffc26678990
x = 85. a at 0x7ffc26658960
x = 84. a at 0x7ffc26638930
x = 83. a at 0x7ffc26618900
x = 82. a at 0x7ffc265f88d0
x = 81. a at 0x7ffc265d88a0
x = 80. a at 0x7ffc265b8870
x = 79. a at 0x7ffc26598840
x = 78. a at 0x7ffc26578810
x = 77. a at 0x7ffc265587e0
x = 76. a at 0x7ffc265387b0
x = 75. a at 0x7ffc26518780
x = 74. a at 0x7ffc264f8750
x = 73. a at 0x7ffc264d8720
x = 72. a at 0x7ffc264b86f0
x = 71. a at 0x7ffc264986c0
x = 70. a at 0x7ffc26478690
x = 69. a at 0x7ffc26458660
x = 68. a at 0x7ffc26438630
x = 67. a at 0x7ffc26418600
x = 66. a at 0x7ffc263f85d0
x = 65. a at 0x7ffc263d85a0
x = 64. a at 0x7ffc263b8570
x = 63. a at 0x7ffc26398540
x = 62. a at 0x7ffc26378510
x = 61. a at 0x7ffc263584e0
x = 60. a at 0x7ffc263384b0
x = 59. a at 0x7ffc26318480
x = 58. a at 0x7ffc262f8450
x = 57. a at 0x7ffc262d8420
x = 56. a at 0x7ffc262b83f0
x = 55. a at 0x7ffc262983c0
x = 54. a at 0x7ffc26278390
x = 53. a at 0x7ffc26258360
x = 52. a at 0x7ffc26238330
x = 51. a at 0x7ffc26218300
x = 50. a at 0x7ffc261f82d0
x = 49. a at 0x7ffc261d82a0
x = 48. a at 0x7ffc261b8270
x = 47. a at 0x7ffc26198240
x = 46. a at 0x7ffc26178210
x = 45. a at 0x7ffc261581e0
x = 44. a at 0x7ffc261381b0
x = 43. a at 0x7ffc26118180
x = 42. a at 0x7ffc260f8150
x = 41. a at 0x7ffc260d8120
x = 40. a at 0x7ffc260b80f0
x = 39. a at 0x7ffc260980c0
x = 38. a at 0x7ffc26078090
段错误 (核心已转储)
二,函数释义及问题分析
1.argc、argv的具体含义
(在上篇日志中也有介绍)
argc和argv参数在用命令行编译程序时有用。main( int argc, char* argv[], char env ) 中
第一个参数,int型的argc,为整型,用来统计程序运行时发送给main函数的命令行参数的个数,在VS中默认值为1。
第二个参数,char*型的argv[],为字符串数组,用来存放指向的字符串参数的指针数组,每一个元素指向一个参数。各成员含义如下:
argv[0]指向程序运行的全路径名
argv[1]指向在DOS命令行中执行程序名后的第一个字符串
argv[2]指向执行程序名后的第二个字符串
argv[3]指向执行程序名后的第三个字符串
argv[argc]为NULL
第三个参数,char型的env,为字符串数组。env[]的每一个元素都包含ENVVAR=value形式的字符串,其中ENVVAR为环境变量,value为其对应的值。平时使用到的比较少。
2.atoi (表示 ascii to integer)
是把字符串转换成整型数的一个函数,应用在计算机程序和办公软件中。int atoi(const char *nptr) 函数会扫描参数 nptr字符串,跳过前面的空白字符(例如空格,tab缩进)等,可以通过isspace( )函数来检测),直到遇上数字或正负符号才开始做转换,而在遇到非数字或字符串结束符(’\0’)才结束转换,并将结果返回。如果 nptr不能转换成 int 或者 nptr为空字符串,那么将返回 0 。特别注意,该函数要求被转换的字符串是按十进制数理解的。
3.段错误 (核心已转储)
参考小时候挺菜的博客
段错误的可能原因:
一,访问不存在的内存地址
二,访问系统保护的内存地址
三,访问只读的内存地址
四,空指针废弃
五,堆栈溢出
六,内存越界(数组越界,变量类型不一致等)