Linux软件管理

RPM

RPM全称红帽子软件包管理器（Red Hat Package Manager）
RPM是一款软件管理器，依靠光驱安装软件。
优点：简单不需配置安装既可使用。
缺点：无法自动解决依赖关系；无法自行下载安装包。

RPM安装(-ivh)

创建文件夹 /mnt/cdrom
挂载光驱到文件夹 mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
查看挂载 ls /mnt/cdrom/AppStream/Packages/
示例如下

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
mount: /mnt/cdrom: WARNING: source write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt/cdrom/AppStream/Packages/
 389-ds-base-2.2.4-3.el9.x86_64.rpm                                      libwayland-server-1.21.0-1.el9.x86_64.rpm
 389-ds-base-libs-2.2.4-3.el9.x86_64.rpm                                 libwebp-1.2.0-3.el9.i686.rpm
 a52dec-0.7.4-42.el9.x86_64.rpm                                          libwebp-1.2.0-3.el9.x86_64.rpm
 aajohan-comfortaa-fonts-3.001-10.el9.noarch.rpm                         libwebp-devel-1.2.0-3.el9.i686.rpm

使用指令rpm -ivh {软件包名}
-i 安装
v 可视化
h 显示百分比

[root@localhost Packages]# rpm   -ivh      wget-1.21.1-7.el9.x86_64.rpm 

查询（-q）

使用指令rpm -q {软件名}
-q 查询
看到软件包的名字，就说明rpm -q查询成功，已经安装软件。

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q wget
wget-1.21.1-7.el9.x86_64

卸载（-evh）

使用指令rpm -evh {软件包名}

[root@localhost Packages]# rpm -evh  wget-1.21.1-7.el9.x86_64

YUM

什么是YUM

YUM（Yellow dog Updater, Modified），是一个在Fedora和RedHat以及CentOS中的Shell前端软件包管理器。基于RPM包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软件包，无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装。

配置YUM仓库/YUM源

使用国内厂商提供的软件包地址，作为YUM的仓库。软件包下载的源头。这样会更快。
yum配置文件路径 ：/etc/yum.repos.d/centos.repo

mv     /etc/yum.repos.d/centos.repo      /etc/yum.repos.d/centos.repo.backup	#备份源配置 
vim   /etc/yum.repos.d/centos.repo												#创建阿里仓库文件

# CentOS-Base.repo
 
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com
#failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-stream/$stream/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos-stream/$stream/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos-stream/$stream/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-stream/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official
 
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com
#failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-stream/$stream/centosplus/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos-stream/$stream/centosplus/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos-stream/$stream/centosplus/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-stream/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official
 
[PowerTools]
name=CentOS-$releasever - PowerTools - mirrors.aliyun.com
#failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-stream/$stream/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos-stream/$stream/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos-stream/$stream/PowerTools/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-stream/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official


[AppStream]
name=CentOS-$releasever - AppStream - mirrors.aliyun.com
#failovermethod=priority
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-stream/$stream/AppStream/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos-stream/$stream/AppStream/$basearch/os/
        http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos-stream/$stream/AppStream/$basearch/os/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos-stream/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Official

更新缓存： yum makecache
查看yum仓库：yum repolist

安装

使用指令安装/重装指定软件yum -y install/reinstall {软件名}
-y 默认同意安装

[root@localhost ~]# yum     -y    install     httpd     vsftpd 
[root@localhost ~]# yum    -y     reinstall     httpd

升级安装

示例如下

[root@localhost ~]# yum    -y     update     httpd		#指定软件升级
[root@localhost ~]# yum    -y     update					#所有软件升级

查询

yum repolist查看yum仓库源

yum repolist

yum list {软件名}查看软件安装状况
若提示结果软件名前带有@符号代表已安装，否则反之

yum list httpd

provide查询命令的提供者进行安装。

yum provides ifconfig

删除

yum -y remove httpd