数据结构算法之子集树

子集树

定义：子集树顾名思义就是一个集合s的子集的集合，当一个问题是从n个元素中找出满足某种性质的子集时，相应的解空间即成为子集树，时间复杂度为O(n^2)
下边我们我们用一段简单的递归回溯代码比创建一颗树（类似于BST树的遍历方式）：

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {1, 2, 3};
        backstrace(arr, 0, arr.length);
        System.out.println();
    }
    
    public static void backstrace(int[] arr, int i, int length) {
        if (i == length) {
            for (int j = 0; j < arr.length; j++) {

                    System.out.print(arr[j] + " ");
               }
            }else {
            backstrace(arr, i + 1, length);
            backstrace(arr, i + 1, length);
        }
        }

输出结果：

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\bin\java.exe" -javaagent:C:\IDEA\lib\idea_rt.jar=31950:C:\IDEA\bin -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\rt.jar;C:\IDEAproject\HellloWorld\out\production\HellloWorld" 数据结构之子集树.childTree
1 2 3 
1 2 3 
1 2 3 
1 2 3 
1 2 3 
1 2 3 
1 2 3 
1 2 3 
Process finished with exit code 0

{1,2,3}的子集分别为{1}，{2}，{3}，{1,2}，{1,3}，{2,3}，{1,2,3}；
因此我们需要在上边的代码中加入状态位0和1:0代表是右孩子的节点，1代表左孩子的节点，做上标记之后的树

因此只输出带有1标记的元素，最后会输出所有的子集
改进代码如下

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        int[] arr = {1, 2, 3};
        int []x=new int [arr.length];//记录状态位
        backstrace(arr, 0, arr.length,x);
        System.out.println();
    }

    public static void backstrace(int[] arr, int i, int length,int[]x) {
        if (i == length) {
            for (int j = 0; j < arr.length; j++) {
        if (x[j]==1){
            System.out.print(arr[j] + " ");

        }
               }
               System.out.println();
            }else {
            x[i]=1;//状态位1，向左孩子遍历
            backstrace(arr, i + 1, length,x);
            x[i]=0;//状态位0，向左孩子遍历
            backstrace(arr, i + 1, length,x);
        }
        }

运行结果如下：

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\bin\java.exe" -javaagent:C:\IDEA\lib\idea_rt.jar=32116:C:\IDEA\bin -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_121\jre\lib\rt.jar;C:\IDEAproject\HellloWorld\out\production\HellloWorld" 数据结构之子集树.childTree
1 2 3 
1 2 
1 3 
1 
2 3 
2 
3 
Process finished with exit code 0