一、数据导入和导出
将之前创建的任意一张MySQL表导出,且是CSV格式
再将CSV表导入数据库
可以通过Mysql客户端直接操作或者通过数据库操作 软件Navicat for Mysql进行操作
参考以下地址(https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/cbf0e500d15c762eab289362.html)
二、项目实战
项目一: 各部门工资最高的员工(难度:中等)
创建 Employee 表,包含所有员工信息,每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。
Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 |
2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
创建 Department 表,包含公司所有部门的信息。
Id | Name |
---|---|
1 | IT |
2 | Sales |
编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资最高的员工。例如,根据上述给定的表格,Max 在 IT 部门有最高工资,Henry 在 Sales 部门有最高工资。
Department | Employee | Salary |
---|---|---|
IT | Max | 90000 |
Sales | Henry | 80000 |
创建Employee表
CREATE TABLE Employee (
id INT NOT NULL auto_increment PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL,
salary INT NOT NULL,
departmentId INT NOT NULL
);
插入数据:
INSERT INTO Employee (name, salary, departmentId)
VALUES
('Joe', 70000, 1);
INSERT INTO Employee (name, salary, departmentId)
VALUES
('Henry', 80000, 2);
INSERT INTO Employee (name, salary, departmentId)
VALUES
('Sam', 60000, 2);
INSERT INTO Employee (name, salary, departmentId)
VALUES
('Max', 90000, 1);
创建Department表
CREATE TABLE Department (
id INT NOT NULL auto_increment PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL
);
插入数据:
INSERT INTO Department (NAME)
VALUES
('IT');
INSERT INTO Department (NAME)
VALUES
('Sales');
运行语句:
SELECT
d. NAME AS department,
e. NAME AS employee,
MAX(e.salary) AS salary
FROM
Employee e,
Department d
WHERE
e.departmentId = d.id
GROUP BY
d. NAME;
项目二: 换座位(难度:中等)
小美是一所中学的信息科技老师,她有一张 seat 座位表,平时用来储存学生名字和与他们相对应的座位 id。
其中纵列的 id 是连续递增的
小美想改变相邻俩学生的座位。
你能不能帮她写一个 SQL query 来输出小美想要的结果呢?
请创建如下所示 seat 表:
示例:
id | student |
---|---|
1 | Abbot |
2 | Doris |
3 | Emerson |
4 | Green |
5 | Jeames |
假如数据输入的是上表,则输出结果如下:
id | student |
---|---|
1 | Doris |
2 | Abbot |
3 | Green |
4 | Emerson |
5 | Jeames |
注意:
如果学生人数是奇数,则不需要改变最后一个同学的座位。
创建表:
CREATE TABLE seat (
id INT NOT NULL auto_increment PRIMARY KEY,
student VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL
);
插入数据:
INSERT INTO seat (student)
VALUES
('Abbot');
INSERT INTO seat (student)
VALUES
('Doris');
INSERT INTO seat (student)
VALUES
('Emerson');
INSERT INTO seat (student)
VALUES
('Green');
INSERT INTO seat (student)
VALUES
('Jeames');
运行语句:
SELECT
(
CASE
WHEN MOD (id, 2) = 1
AND id = (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM seat) THEN
id
WHEN MOD (id, 2) = 1 THEN
id + 1
ELSE
id - 1
END
) AS id,
student
FROM
seat
ORDER BY
id;
项目三: 分数排名(难度:中等)
编写一个 SQL 查询来实现分数排名。如果两个分数相同,则两个分数排名(Rank)相同。请注意,平分后的下一个名次应该是下一个连续的整数值。换句话说,名次之间不应该有“间隔”。
创建以下 score 表:
Id | Score |
---|---|
1 | 3.50 |
2 | 3.65 |
3 | 4.00 |
4 | 3.85 |
5 | 4.00 |
6 | 3.65 |
例如,根据上述给定的 scores 表,你的查询应该返回(按分数从高到低排列):
Score | Rank |
---|---|
4.00 | 1 |
4.00 | 1 |
3.85 | 2 |
3.65 | 3 |
3.65 | 3 |
3.50 | 4 |
创建表:
CREATE TABLE score (
id INT auto_increment PRIMARY KEY,
score FLOAT(5,2) NOT NULL
);
插入数据:
INSERT INTO score (id, score)
VALUES
(1, 3.50);
INSERT INTO score (id, score)
VALUES
(2, 3.65);
INSERT INTO score (id, score)
VALUES
(3, 4.00);
INSERT INTO score (id, score)
VALUES
(4, 3.85);
INSERT INTO score (id, score)
VALUES
(5, 4.00);
INSERT INTO score (id, score)
VALUES
(6, 3.65);
运行语句:
SELECT
score,
(
SELECT
COUNT(DISTINCT score)
FROM
score
WHERE
score >= s.score
) AS Rank
FROM
score s
ORDER BY
score DESC;
项目四:行程和用户(难度:困难)
Trips 表中存所有出租车的行程信息。每段行程有唯一键 Id,Client_Id 和 Driver_Id 是 Users 表中 Users_Id 的外键。Status 是枚举类型,枚举成员为 (‘completed’, ‘cancelled_by_driver’, ‘cancelled_by_client’)。
Id | Client_Id | Driver_Id | City_Id | Status | Request_at |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed | 2013-10-01 |
2 | 2 | 11 | 1 | cancelled_by_driver | 2013-10-01 |
3 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed | 2013-10-01 |
4 | 4 | 13 | 6 | cancelled_by_client | 2013-10-01 |
5 | 1 | 10 | 1 | completed | 2013-10-02 |
6 | 2 | 11 | 6 | completed | 2013-10-02 |
7 | 3 | 12 | 6 | completed | 2013-10-02 |
8 | 2 | 12 | 12 | completed | 2013-10-03 |
9 | 3 | 10 | 12 | completed | 2013-10-03 |
10 | 4 | 13 | 12 | cancelled_by_driver | 2013-10-03 |
Users 表存所有用户。每个用户有唯一键 Users_Id。Banned 表示这个用户是否被禁止,Role 则是一个表示(‘client’, ‘driver’, ‘partner’)的枚举类型
Users_Id | Banned | Role |
---|---|---|
1 | No | client |
2 | Yes | client |
3 | No | client |
4 | No | client |
10 | No | driver |
11 | No | driver |
12 | No | driver |
13 | No | driver |
写一段 SQL 语句查出 2013年10月1日 至 2013年10月3日 期间非禁止用户的取消率。基于上表,你的 SQL 语句应返回如下结果,取消率(Cancellation Rate)保留两位小数。
Day | Cancellation Rate |
---|---|
2013-10-01 | 0.33 |
2013-10-02 | 0.00 |
2013-10-03 | 0.50 |
创建表:
CREATE TABLE Trips (
Id INT auto_increment PRIMARY KEY,
Client_Id INT NOT NULL,
Driver_Id INT NOT NULL,
City_Id INT NOT NULL,
STATUS ENUM (
'completed',
'cancelled_by_driver',
'cancelled_by_client'
),
Request_all DATE NOT NULL
);
CREATE TABLE Users (
Users_Id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
Banned enum ('Yes', 'No'),
Role enum (
'client',
'driver',
'partner'
)
);
插入数据:
INSERT INTO Trips
VALUES
(
NULL,
1,
10,
1,
'completed',
'2013-10-1'
);
INSERT INTO Trips
VALUES
(
NULL,
2,
11,
1,
'cancelled_by_driver',
'2013-10-01'
),
(
NULL,
3,
12,
6,
'completed',
'2013-10-01'
),
(
NULL,
4,
13,
6,
'cancelled_by_client',
'2013-10-01'
),
(
NULL,
1,
10,
1,
'completed',
'2013-10-02'
),
(
NULL,
2,
11,
6,
'completed',
'2013-10-02'
),
(
NULL,
3,
12,
6,
'completed',
'2013-10-02'
),
(
NULL,
2,
12,
12,
'completed',
'2013-10-03'
),
(
NULL,
3,
10,
12,
'completed',
'2013-10-03'
),
(
NULL,
4,
13,
12,
'cancelled_by_driver',
'2013-10-03'
);
INSERT INTO Users
VALUES
(1, 'No', 'client'),
(2, 'Yes', 'client'),
(3, 'No', 'client'),
(4, 'No', 'client'),
(10, 'No', 'driver'),
(11, 'No', 'driver'),
(12, 'No', 'driver'),
(13, 'No', 'driver');
运行语句:
SELECT
t.Request_all AS DAY,
ROUND(
SUM(
CASE
WHEN STATUS = 'completed' THEN
0
ELSE
1
END
) / COUNT(*),2) AS 'Cancellation Rate'
FROM Trips t
LEFT JOIN Users U ON t.Client_Id = U.Users_Id
LEFT JOIN Users U2 ON t.Driver_Id = U2.Users_Id where U.Banned = 'No'
AND U2.Banned = 'No' AND t.Request_all BETWEEN '2013-10-01'
AND '2013-10-03'
GROUP BY t.Request_all;
项目五:各部门前3高工资的员工(难度:中等)
将项目一中的 employee 表清空,重新插入以下数据(其实是多插入5,6两行):
Id | Name | Salary | DepartmentId |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Joe | 70000 | 1 |
2 | Henry | 80000 | 2 |
3 | Sam | 60000 | 2 |
4 | Max | 90000 | 1 |
5 | Janet | 69000 | 1 |
6 | Randy | 85000 | 1 |
编写一个 SQL 查询,找出每个部门工资前三高的员工。例如,根据上述给定的表格,查询结果应返回:
Department | Employee | Salary |
---|---|---|
IT | Max | 90000 |
IT | Randy | 85000 |
IT | Joe | 70000 |
Sales | Henry | 80000 |
Sales | Sam | 60000 |
此外,请考虑实现各部门前N高工资的员工功能。
运行语句:
SELECT
d. NAME AS Department,
e. NAME AS Employee,
e.salary AS salary
FROM
employee e,
department d
WHERE
e.departmentId = d.id
AND (
SELECT
COUNT(DISTINCT salary)
FROM
employee
WHERE
departmentId = d.id
AND salary > e.salary
) < 3
ORDER BY
department,
salary DESC
项目六 分数排名 - (难度:中等)
依然是昨天的分数表,实现排名功能,但是排名是非连续的,如下:
Score | Rank |
---|---|
4.00 | 1 |
4.00 | 1 |
3.85 | 3 |
3.65 | 4 |
3.65 | 4 |
3.50 | 6 |
运行语句:
SELECT
score,
(
SELECT
COUNT(score) + 1
FROM
score
WHERE
score > s.score
) AS Rank
FROM
score s
ORDER BY
score DESC;