1. Supplier接口介绍
源码分析
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Supplier<T> {
T get();
}
一个生产者接口,只有一个get方法,采用注解@FunctionalInterface,可用lambda编程,下面结合Consumer一起举例。
2. Consumer接口介绍
源码分析
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Consumer<T> {
void accept(T t);
default Consumer<T> andThen(Consumer<? super T> after) {
Objects.requireNonNull(after);
return (T t) -> { accept(t); after.accept(t); };
}
}
一个消费者接口,采用accept方法进行消费,Supplier接口方法get无输入,有返回值,Consumer接口方法accept有输入,无返回值,举例如下:
@Test
public void test() {
supplierAndConsumer(()-> {
int a = 10;
//可写特定业务逻辑
return a;
},(t)->{
//可写特定业务逻辑
System.out.println("result:" + t);
});
}
public static void supplierAndConsumer(Supplier<Integer> supplier, Consumer<Integer> consumer) {
//可写通用业务逻辑
Integer integer = supplier.get();
//可写通用业务逻辑
consumer.accept(integer);
}
//输出 result:10
Consumer接口中的andThen方法,适用于分前后消费,举例如下:
@Test
public void test() {
consumerTest("cc", (a) -> System.out.print("11" + a + " "), (b) -> System.out.print("22" + b + " "));
}
public static void consumerTest(String s1, Consumer<String> consumer, Consumer<String> consumer1) {
consumer.andThen(consumer1).accept(s1);
consumer1.andThen(consumer).accept(s1);
}
//输出 11cc 22cc 22cc 11cc
简单分析一下andThen方法,先调用前面的accept,在调用后面的accept;
3. Function接口介绍
源码分析
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Function<T, R> {
R apply(T t);
default <V> Function<V, R> compose(Function<? super V, ? extends T> before) {
Objects.requireNonNull(before);
return (V v) -> apply(before.apply(v));
}
default <V> Function<T, V> andThen(Function<? super R, ? extends V> after) {
Objects.requireNonNull(after);
return (T t) -> after.apply(apply(t));
}
static <T> Function<T, T> identity() {
return t -> t;
}
}
一个类型转换接口,其中apply方法接受一个类型为T的对象,在Function中T在前,表示接受的对象,转换为一个类型为R的对象返回,lambda表达式有输入输出,举例如下:
@Test
public void test() {
int b = 10;
String trans = trans(b, (c) -> {
//可进行特定业务逻辑处理
if (c < 100) {
return c + "ee";
} else {
return c + "ff";
}
});
System.out.println(trans);
}
//输出 10ee
public String trans(Integer a, Function<Integer, String> function) {
//可进行通用逻辑处理
return function.apply(a);
}
特别的,在stream流中,map中只需要Function条件;
andThen方法和compose方法举例如下:
@Test
public void test() {
consumerTest("cc", (a) -> {
System.out.print("11" + a + " ");
return "11" + a + " ";
}, (b) -> {
System.out.print("22" + b + " ");
return "22" + b + " ";
});
}
//输出 11cc 2211cc 22cc 1122cc
public static void consumerTest(String s1, Function<String, String> function1, Function<String, String> function2) {
function1.andThen(function2).apply(s1);
function1.compose(function2).apply(s1);
}
andThen方法,接收一个之前的,后面的再接受所有之前的,compose方法,后面的先执行,前面的在后面基础上执行;
最后是identity方法,这个是返回输入,代码示例如下:
@Test
public void test() {
List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();
Student student = new Student("5", "66");
Student student1 = new Student("5", "88");
list.add(student);
list.add(student1);
Map<String, Student> map = list.stream().collect(Collectors.toMap(Student::getName, Function.identity(), (v1, v2) -> v1));
System.out.println(map);
//输出 {5=Student(name=5, age=66)} 如果时v2则是输出{5=Student(name=5, age=88)}
}
注意在list转map时,要加上(v1, v2) -> v1,否则有两个相同的key会报错java.lang.IllegalStateException: Duplicate key Student(name=5, age=66);
3.1BiFunction接口介绍
拓展一下BiFunction接口,传入三个对象T,U,R,接收两个对象集合T,U,转换为R对象类型;
@FunctionalInterface
public interface BiFunction<T, U, R> {
R apply(T t, U u);
default <V> BiFunction<T, U, V> andThen(Function<? super R, ? extends V> after) {
Objects.requireNonNull(after);
return (T t, U u) -> after.apply(apply(t, u));
}
}
举例说明:
@Test
public void test() {
Students students = transBiFunction(11, "st", (k, v) -> Students.builder().age(k).name(v).build());
System.out.println(students);
//输出 Students(age=11, name=st)
}
public Students transBiFunction(Integer i, String s, BiFunction<Integer, String, Students> biFunction) {
return biFunction.apply(i, s);
}
其实和Function差不多;
4. Predicate接口介绍
源码分析
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Predicate<T> {
boolean test(T t);
default Predicate<T> and(Predicate<? super T> other) {
Objects.requireNonNull(other);
return (t) -> test(t) && other.test(t);
}
default Predicate<T> negate() {
return (t) -> !test(t);
}
default Predicate<T> or(Predicate<? super T> other) {
Objects.requireNonNull(other);
return (t) -> test(t) || other.test(t);
}
static <T> Predicate<T> isEqual(Object targetRef) {
return (null == targetRef)
? Objects::isNull
: object -> targetRef.equals(object);
}
}
一个常用来对对象集合过滤的接口,test方法,用于属性判断,接收一个对象,返回布尔值,代码示例如下:
@Test
public void test() {
List<String> list = predicate(Arrays.asList("VCDSNvfdIU", "cdsvv"), (i) -> i.length() < 6);
System.out.println(list);
}
//输出 [cdsvv]
public List<String> predicate(List<String> list, Predicate<String> predicate) {
List<String> list1 = new ArrayList<>();
list.forEach(i -> {
if (predicate.test(i)) {
list1.add(i);
}
});
return list1;
}
推荐下面写法:
@Test
public void test() {
List<String> list = Stream.of("VCDSNvfdIU", "cdsvv").filter(FILTER).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(list);
}
public static final Predicate<String> FILTER = i -> i.length() < 6;
下面介绍Predicate中and方法和or方法的使用,很好理解不过多解释,代码示例如下:
@Test
public void test() {
List<String> list = Stream.of("VCDSNvfdIU", "cdsvv", "cs").filter(FILTER.and(FILTER1)).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(list);
//输出 [cdsvv]
List<String> list1 = Stream.of("VCDSNvfdIU", "cdsvv", "cs").filter(FILTER.or(FILTER1)).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(list1);
//输出 [VCDSNvfdIU, cdsvv, cs]
}
public static final Predicate<String> FILTER = i -> i.length() < 6;
public static final Predicate<String> FILTER1 = i -> i.length() > 2;
下面对Predicate中的negate方法和静态方法isEqual进行介绍,代码如下:
@Test
public void test() {
List<String> list = Stream.of("VCDSNvfdIU", "cdsvv", "cs").filter(Predicate.isEqual("cdsvv")).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(list);
//输出 [cdsvv]
List<String> list1 = Stream.of("VCDSNvfdIU", "cdsvv", "cs").filter(Predicate.isEqual("cdsvv").negate()).collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println(list1);
//输出 [VCDSNvfdIU, cs]
}
简单介绍一下,isEqual是一个静态方法,需要接口名+方法名调用,negate其实就是取反。
最近看到一种高级的操作,函数式接口编程在枚举中的应用,分享一下:
public class Test1 {
@Test
public void test() {
System.out.println(transString(55, PRICE)); //输出 55String
System.out.println(predicateValue(20, PRICE)); //输出 false
}
public String transString(Integer a, Cat cat) {
return cat.getFunction().apply(a);
}
public static String transFunction(Integer i) {
return i + "String";
}
public boolean predicateValue(Integer b, Cat cat) {
return cat.getPredicate().test(b);
}
public static boolean transPredicate(Integer i) {
return i > 100;
}
}
@Getter
@AllArgsConstructor
public enum Cat {
PRICE(Test1::transPredicate, Test1::transFunction);
private final Predicate<Integer> predicate;
private final Function<Integer, String> function;
}
简单分析一下,在枚举类中引入Function和Predicate,判断、转换条件如果长或者是可以复用可以额外拎出来写(只需要关注输入输出即可),也可以写在枚举里面;