1、JDBC:Java Database Connectivity 连接java 应用程序 和数据库
数据库驱动: 由数据库厂商提供,如Oracle、MySQL、SQLServer 。大部分以jar包的形式提供。
2、JDBC开发步骤:
加载数据库驱动→获取数据库的连接→获取PreparedStatement对象→执行SQL语句,操作CURD→查询结果集→释放资源
3、代码实现
try {
// 加载驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
// 获取连接
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/t_db", "root", "password");
//操作CURD(增删改)
String sql = "执行 insert 、update、delete 语句" ;
Statement stat = conn.createStatement();
stat.executeUpdate(sql);
//执行select语句(查)
String sql = “select id,name from t_student”;
Statement stat = coon.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stat.executeQuery(sql);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//释放资源
finally{
rs.close;
stat.close;
conn.close;
}
4、拼SQL:
String name = “tom”;
String pwd = ”123“;
String sql = ”insert into t_user(name,pwd)values (‘ ” +name+ “ ’,‘ ”+pwd+“ ’)“;
5、PreparedStatement
优点:对SQL语句进行预编译处理,执行速度快;防止SQL注入(SQL injection),安全;代码阅读性高
String sql = ”select id,name from t_user“;
PreparedStatement stat = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
ResultSet rs = stat.executeQuery();
String sql = ”insert into t_user(username,age)values(?,?)“;
PreparedStatement stat = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
stat.setString(1,”tom“);
stat.setInt(2,23);
stat.executeUpdate();
6、DAO模式:Data Access Object
每个DAO中封装了对一个实体(Entity)类的CRUD操作
JavaApplication→DAO→DB
7、内部类: 在一个类中声明的类
内部类可以访问外部类中的私有实例变量;
当内部类的访问修饰符声明为private时,内部类只能在外部类内部使用,使用外部类不知道内部类的存在
public class Outer{
public void hi(){
System.out.println("Hello");
}
public class Inner {
public void sayHello() {
System.out.println("Hello,This is Inner Class");
}
}
}
8、内部类的实例化
Outer.Inner inner = new Outer(). new Inner();
inner.sayHello();
Outer o = new Outer();
Inner inner = o.new Inner();
inner.sayHello()
public class DBUtil {
private static final String DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
private static final String URL = "jdbc:mysql:///db_1?characterEncoding=utf8";
private static final String USER_NAME = "root";
private static final String PASSWORD = "123456";
/**
* 获取数据库的连接
*/
public Connection getConn() {
Connection conn = null;
try {
Class.forName(DRIVER);
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER_NAME, PASSWORD);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
return conn;
}
/**
* 关闭资源
* @param rs
* @param stat
* @param conn
*/
public void close(ResultSet rs, PreparedStatement stat, Connection conn){
try {
if(rs != null) {
rs.close();
}
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
if(stat != null) {
stat.close();
}
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
if(conn != null) {
conn.close();
}
} catch (SQLException throwables) {
throwables.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}