1.字典的定义
字典是一个无序的数据集合
通常输出的顺序和定义的顺序不一致
1.列表类型转换
users = ['user1','user2']
passwd = ['123','456']
print(zip(users,passwd)) ##无法正确输出
print(list(zip(users,passwd))) ##将类型转换成列表类型输出
print(dict(zip(users,passwd))) ##将类型转换成字典类型输出
2.空字典
s = {}
print(type(s))
3.创建字典并输出其类型
##字典:key-value键值对
#value可以是任意数据类型
s = {
'westos':[190,521,231],
'mysql':[100,99,88]
}
print(s,type(s))
4.工厂函数
#工厂函数
d = dict() ##dict相当于一个函数
print(type(d)) ##查看d是一个类型
#举例
d1 = dict(a=1,b=2)
print(d1,type(d1))
5.字典的嵌套
students = {
'03113009':{
'name':'szy',
'age':21,
'score':99
},
'03113010':{
'name':'westos',
'age':18,
'score':61
}
}
print(students['03113009']['name'])
6.所有的key对应的value值是一样的
print({}.fromkeys({'1','2'},'000000'))
2.字典的特性
字典不支持索引和切片,且字典的重复和连接毫无意义
d = {
'1':'a',
'2':'b'
}
print(d['1'])
print(d[:])
成员操作符
for循环,默认变量字典的key值
d = {
'1':'a',
'2':'b'
}
for key in d:
print(key)
for循环,遍历字典(输出key值和value值)
d = {
'1':'a',
'2':'b'
}
for key in d:
print(key,d[key])
d = {
'1':'a',
'2':'b'
}
for k,v in d.items():
print(k,v)
3.字典的增加
1.添加一个元素
services = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
services['ftp'] = 21
print(services)
services['http'] = 443
print(services)
2.添加多个key-value值
services = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
services_backup = {
'https':443,
'tomcat':8080,
'http':8080
}
services.update(services_backup)
print(services)
3.setdefault添加key值
#如果key值存在,不做修改
#如果key值不存在,添加对应的key-value
services = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
services.setdefault('http',9090)
print(services)
services.setdefault('oracle',44575)
print(services)
4.字典的删除
1.del删除指定的key的key-value
services = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
del services['http']
print(services)
2.pop删除指定的key的key-value
#如果key存在,删除,并返回删除key对应value
#如果不存在,报错
services = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
item = services.pop('http')
print(item)
print(services)
item1 = services.pop('https')
print(item1)
print(services)
3.popitem删除最后一个key-value值
services = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
item = services.popitem()
print(services)
4.清空字典内容
services = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
services.clear()
print(services)
5.字典的查看
1.查看字典的key值
services = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
print(services.keys())
2.查看字典的value值
services = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
print(services.values())
3.查看字典的key-value值
services = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
print(services.items())
4.查看key的value值
#key不存在,默认返回None
#key不存在,有default,则返回default值
services = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
print(services.get('https'))
print(services.get('http'))
get方法
如果key值存在,返回
如果不存在,默认返回None,如果需要指定返回值,传值即可
services = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
print(services.get('https','key not exist'))
5.遍历
services = {
'http':80,
'mysql':3306,
'smtp':25
}
for k in services:
print(k,services[k])
6.字典的练习
1. 数字重复统计:
要求:
1). 随机生成1000个整数;
2). 数字的范围[20, 100],
3). 升序输出所有不同的数字及其每个数字重复的次数;
all_num = []
for item in range(1000):
all_num.append(random.randint(20,100))
print(all_num)
sorted_nums = sorted(all_num)
num_dict = {}
for num in sorted_nums:
if num in num_dict:
num_dict[num] += 1
else:
num_dict[num] = 1
print(num_dict)
2.统计一句话中的单词出现的个数
要求:
- 用户输入一句英文句子;
- 打印出每个单词及其重复的次数;
s = input('s:')
#1.把每个单词分割处理
s_li = s.split()
print(s_li)
#通过字典存储该单词和其出现的次数
word_dict = {}
"""
依次循环遍历列表
如果列表元素不在字典的key中,将元素作为key 1作为value值
如果列表元素在字典的key中,直接更新元素的value值,在原有的基础上加1
"""
for item in s_li:
if item not in word_dict:
word_dict[item] = 1
else:
word_dict[item] += 1
print(word_dict)