Redis五大基本类型（狂神视频笔记）

Redis

Redis有16个数据库

默认使用第0个

数据库切换select number

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127.0.0.1:6379> select 3  #切换数据库
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[3]> dbsize  #查看数据库中的数据数量
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379[3]> set name fengfeng  #添加数据
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[3]> dbsize
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[3]> select 7
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[7]> dbsize
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379[7]> 

127.0.0.1:6379[3]> flushdb #清空数据库
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[3]> keys *
(empty array)
127.0.0.1:6379[3]> 
127.0.0.1:6379> flushall #清空全部数据库
OK

flushdb #清空数据库

flushall#清空全部数据库

Redis 是单线程的

所以Redis的性能瓶颈不是CPU,而是机器内存和网络带宽。

那么为什么Redis的速度如此快呢，性能这么高呢？QPS达到10W+

• 误区1：高性能的服务器一定是多线程的？
• 误区2：多线程（CPU上下文会切换！）一定比单线程效率高！

核心：Redis是将所有的数据放在内存中的，所以说使用单线程去操作效率就是最高的，多线程（CPU上下文会切换：耗时的操作！），对于内存系统来说，如果没有上下文切换效率就是最高的，多次读写都是在一个CPU上的，在内存存储数据情况下，单线程就是最佳的方案。

string

移动

127.0.0.1:6379> move name 1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
1) "age"
127.0.0.1:6379> select 1
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> keys *
1) "name"

move

设置过期时间expire

127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get name
"fengfeng"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> expire name 10
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> ttl name
(integer) 6
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> ttl name #查看剩余时间
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> ttl name
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> ttl name
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> ttl name
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> ttl name
(integer) -2
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> get name
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
1) "age"
2) "name"
127.0.0.1:6379> type age  #查看当前key的类型
string
127.0.0.1:6379> type name
string

127.0.0.1:6379> set key1 key
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set key1 v1
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get key1
"v1"
127.0.0.1:6379> append key1 hello 
#追加字符串，如果当前key不存在，就相当于 set key
(integer) 7
127.0.0.1:6379> get key1 
"v1hello"
127.0.0.1:6379> strlen key1  #获取字符串长度
(integer) 7
127.0.0.1:6379> append key1 ,fengfeng
(integer) 16
127.0.0.1:6379> get key1
"v1hello,fengfeng"
127.0.0.1:6379> strlen key1
(integer) 16

127.0.0.1:6379> set views 0
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get views
"0"
127.0.0.1:6379> incr views  #自增一
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> incr views
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> get views
"2"
127.0.0.1:6379> decr views  #自减一
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> decr views
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> decr views
(integer) -1
127.0.0.1:6379> get views
"-1"
127.0.0.1:6379> incrby views 10  #按照步长增
(integer) 9
127.0.0.1:6379> incrby views 10
(integer) 19
127.0.0.1:6379> decrby views 5  #按照步长减
(integer) 14
127.0.0.1:6379> decrby views 5
(integer) 9

getrange 🎃截取字符串

setrange ：替换字符串

127.0.0.1:6379> set key1 hello,fengfeng,i miass you
(error) ERR syntax error
127.0.0.1:6379> set key1 "hello,fengfeng,i miass you"
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get key1
"hello,fengfeng,i miass you"
127.0.0.1:6379> strlen key1
(integer) 26
127.0.0.1:6379> getrange key1 0,5
(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'getrange' command
127.0.0.1:6379> getrange key1 0 5  #截取字符串[0,5]双闭区间
"hello,"
127.0.0.1:6379> getrange key1 0 -1  #全部
"hello,fengfeng,i miass you"

127.0.0.1:6379> set key2 abcdefg
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> strlen key2
(integer) 7
127.0.0.1:6379> setrange key2 1 xxx  #替换字符串
(integer) 7
127.0.0.1:6379> get key2
"axxxefg"

setex : (set with expire) 设置过期时间

setnx ：(set if not exist) 如果过不存在再设置！（在分布式中经常使用！）

127.0.0.1:6379> setex key 30 hello
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl key
(integer) 24
127.0.0.1:6379> setnx mykey redis
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
1) "key1"
2) "key2"
3) "mykey"
4) "key"
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl key3
(integer) -2
127.0.0.1:6379> ttl key
(integer) -2
127.0.0.1:6379> set mykey "mohoDB"
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get mykey
"mohoDB"
127.0.0.1:6379> setnx mykey redis #存在mykey所以不能覆盖
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> get mykey
"mohoDB"

mset : 批量添加

mget : 批量获取

msetnx ：🚛类似于setnx,只不过是原子性操作

127.0.0.1:6379> mset k1 v1 k2 v2 k3 v3
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> keys *
1) "key1"
2) "key2"
3) "k2"
4) "k3"
5) "mykey"
6) "k1"
127.0.0.1:6379> mget k1 k2 k3
1) "v1"
2) "v2"
3) "v3"
127.0.0.1:6379> msetnx k1 v1 k4 v4  #能够说明msetnx是原子性操作
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> get k4
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> 

存取对象

设计user:1 对象，👆值为json字符来保存一个对象

第二个就用的巧妙的key设计，user:{id}:{filed},如此设计zairedis中是完全可以的🥇

127.0.0.1:6379> set user:1 {name:zhangsan,age:3}
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get user:1
"{name:zhangsan,age:3}"
127.0.0.1:6379> mset user:2:name lisi user:2:age 5
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get user:2
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> mget user:2
1) (nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> mget user:2:name user:2:age
1) "lisi"
2) "5"
127.0.0.1:6379> 

getset :😗先get再set

127.0.0.1:6379> getset  db redis
(nil)
127.0.0.1:6379> get db
"redis"
127.0.0.1:6379> getset db mongodb
"redis"
127.0.0.1:6379> get db
"mongodb"

String类似的使用场景：value除了是字符串还可以是数字，用途举例：

• 计数器
• 统计多单位的数量：uid:123666：follow 0
• 粉丝数
• 对象存储缓存

List

在redis中，我们可以把list玩成，栈、队列、阻塞队列

所有的list命令都是 l 开头的

lpush :将一个值或多个值，插入列表（左）

rpush :🗾将一个将一个值或多个值，插入列表（右）

lrange：查看列表数据（全部或指定范围）

127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list one
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list two
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list three
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list o -1
(error) ERR value is not an integer or out of range
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0  -1
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0  1
1) "three"
2) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush list four
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "one"
4) "four"

############################################################
127.0.0.1:6379> lpop list
"three"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "two"
2) "one"
3) "four"
127.0.0.1:6379> rpop list 
"four"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "two"
2) "one"

lpop :移除list的第一个元素

rpop ：移除list的最后一个元素

127.0.0.1:6379> lpop list
"three"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "two"
2) "one"
3) "four"
127.0.0.1:6379> rpop list 
"four"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "two"
2) "one"

lindex :🚡通过下标获得list中的某一个值

llen： 返回列表长度

127.0.0.1:6379> lindex list 1
"one"
127.0.0.1:6379> lindex list 0
"two"
#############################
127.0.0.1:6379> flushdb
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list one
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list two
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list three
(integer) 3

127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "two"
3) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379> llen list
(integer) 3

移除指定的值

lrem:💛移除指定个数的指定的value值,精确匹配

127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "three"
3) "two"
4) "one"
127.0.0.1:6379> clear
127.0.0.1:6379> lrem list 1 one
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "three"
2) "three"
3) "two"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrem list 2 three
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "two"

ltrim:🚛 列表截断,闭区间；通过下标截取指定的长度，这个list已经改变了，截断

127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist "hello"
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist "hello1"
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist "hello2"
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist "hello3"
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "hello1"
3) "hello2"
4) "hello3"
127.0.0.1:6379> ltrim mylist 1 2    # 
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist 0 -1
1) "hello1"
2) "hello2"

rpoplpush:💴移除列表最后一个元素，将他移动到新的列表中！

127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist hello
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist hello1
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush mylist hello2
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> rpoplpush mylist myotherlist 
"hello2"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist
(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'lrange' command
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange mylist 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "hello1"
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange myotherlist 0 -1
1) "hello2"

lset :👖将列表中指定下标的值替换为另一个值，更新操作

127.0.0.1:6379> lset list 0 item ##不存在这个list就没办法替换，报错
(error) ERR no such key
127.0.0.1:6379> lpush list value1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "value1"
127.0.0.1:6379> lset list 0 item ##存在就替换，类似于更新
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "item"

linsert:🕹将某个具体的value插入到列表中某个元素的前面后者后面

127.0.0.1:6379> rpush list hello
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> rpush list world
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "world"
127.0.0.1:6379> linsert list before world other
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "other"
3) "world"
127.0.0.1:6379> linsert list after world !!!
(integer) 4
127.0.0.1:6379> lrange list 0 -1
1) "hello"
2) "other"
3) "world"
4) "!!!"

小结✴️

• list实际上是一个链表，before Node after , left, right 都可以插入值
• 如果key不存在，则创建新的链表
• 如果key存在，新增内容
• 如果移除了所有值，空链表，也代表不存在
• 在两边插入或者改动值，效率最高！修改中间元素，效率相对较低

应用：

消息排队！消息队列（Lpush Rpop）,栈（Lpush Lpop）

set

set不能操作重复数

sadd:🛰set集合中添加元素

member：查看指定set集合中的元素

sismember：判断某一个值是不是在set中

scard: 获取元素个数

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset hello
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset fengfeng
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset lovejackson
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset
1) "hello"
2) "lovejackson"
3) "fengfeng"
127.0.0.1:6379> ismember myset hello
(error) ERR unknown command `ismember`, with args beginning with: `myset`, `hello`, 
127.0.0.1:6379> sismember myset hello
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sismember myset world
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset hello  ##添加重复的就失败了
(integer) 0
127.0.0.1:6379> scard myset  ##获取set集合中的元素
(integer) 3

srem:移除元素

127.0.0.1:6379> srem myset hello
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> scard myset
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> smember myset
(error) ERR unknown command `smember`, with args beginning with: `myset`, 
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset
1) "lovejackson"
2) "fengfeng"

spop:⚖️随机移除一个元素

127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset
1) "jacky"
2) "lovejackson"
3) "fengfeng"
127.0.0.1:6379> spop myset
"lovejackson"

srandmember🛰随机抽选指定个数的元素

127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER myset
"fengfeng"
127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER myset
"lovejackson"
127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember myset
"fengfeng"
127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember myset
"fengfeng"
127.0.0.1:6379> srandmember myset 2
1) "lovejackson"
2) "jacky"

rmove:😋将一个指定的值移动到另外一个set集合中

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset hello
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset world
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd myset fengfeng
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> smove myset otherset fengfeng
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers myset
1) "hello"
2) "world"
127.0.0.1:6379> smembers otherset
1) "fengfeng"

微博，b站，共同关注～（并集）共同好友

• 差集

• 交集

• 并集

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd key1 a
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd key1 b
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd key1 c
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd key2 c
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd key2 d
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sadd key2 e
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sdiff key1 key2
1) "a"
2) "b"
127.0.0.1:6379> sdiff key2 key1 #差集
1) "e"
2) "d"
127.0.0.1:6379> sinter key1 key2  #交集
1) "c"
127.0.0.1:6379> sunion key1 key2	#并集
1) "e"
2) "b"
3) "c"
4) "a"
5) "d"

Hash(哈希)

Map集合，key-map ! 时候这个值是一个map集合

hset:添加

hmset：添加多个

hget：获取

hmget：获取多个

hgetall：获取全部以key value的形式呈现

127.0.0.1:6379> hset myhash file1 fengfeng
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hget myhash file1
"fengfeng"
127.0.0.1:6379> hmset myhash file1 jacky file2 love file3 jackson
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> hmget myhash file1 file2 file3
1) "jacky"
2) "love"
3) "jackson"
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall myhash
1) "file1"
2) "jacky"
3) "file2"
4) "love"
5) "file3"
6) "jackson"

hdel​：🍀删除hash指定的key字段，对应的value的删掉了

127.0.0.1:6379> hdel myhash file1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall myhash
1) "file2"
2) "love"
3) "file3"
4) "jackson"

hlen:🐤长度

hexists:是否存在这个字段

127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall myhash
1) "file2"
2) "love"
3) "file3"
4) "jackson"
5) "file1"
6) "jacky"
127.0.0.1:6379> hlen myhash
(integer) 3
#########################################################
127.0.0.1:6379> hexists myhash file1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hexists myhash file9
(integer) 0

hkeys:只获得所有的field

hvals:只获得所有的values

127.0.0.1:6379> hkeys myhash
1) "file2"
2) "file3"
3) "file1"
127.0.0.1:6379> hvals myhash
1) "love"
2) "jackson"
3) "jacky"

hincrby: 增加，加负数就是减少

hsetnx:🏮类似setnx

127.0.0.1:6379> hset myhash file5 5
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hincrby myhash file5 2
(integer) 7
127.0.0.1:6379> hincrby myhash file5 -1
(integer) 6
127.0.0.1:6379> hsetnx myhash file6 123
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> hsetnx myhash file6 987
(integer) 0

Hash变更的数据user name age，尤其是用户信息之类的，经常变动的信息！Hash更适合于对象的存储，Sring更加适合字符串存储！

127.0.0.1:6379> hset user:1 name hanmeimei age 5
(integer) 2
127.0.0.1:6379> hmset user:1 sex female habbit swim
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall user:1
1) "name"
2) "hanmeimei"
3) "age"
4) "5"
5) "sex"
6) "female"
7) "habbit"
8) "swim"

Zset

zadd

zrangebyscore：（可以带参数withscores）只能从小值到大值

-inf:负无穷

+inf:正无穷

ZREVRANGE:从大到小

127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myzset 1 one
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myzset 2 two
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myzset 3 three
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange myzset 0 -1
1) "one"
2) "two"
3) "three"
############################################################
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd salary 2500 xiaobai
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd salary 5000 xiaozie
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd salary 1000 xiaosa
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore salary -inf +inf
1) "xiaosa"
2) "xiaobai"
3) "xiaozie"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore salary -inf +inf withscores
1) "xiaosa"
2) "1000"
3) "xiaobai"
4) "2500"
5) "xiaozie"
6) "5000"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore salary -inf 2500
1) "xiaosa"
2) "xiaobai"
#############################################################
127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGE salary 0 -1 withscores
1) "xiaozie"
2) "5000"
3) "xiaosa"
4) "1000"

zrem:☯️移除元素

zcard:获取集合中的个数

127.0.0.1:6379> zrange salary 0 -1
1) "xiaosa"
2) "xiaobai"
3) "xiaozie"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrem salary xiaobai
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange salary 0 -1
1) "xiaosa"
2) "xiaozie"
127.0.0.1:6379> zcard salary
(integer) 2

zcount:获取指定区间的成员数量

127.0.0.1:6379> zadd myset 1 hello 2 jackson 3 jacky
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> zcount myset 1 3
(integer) 3
127.0.0.1:6379> zcount myset 1 2
(integer) 2

应用案例：

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