多线程基础学习

多线程

线程简介

• 程序：指令和数据的有序集合，只是个静态的概念。

• 进程是执行程序的一次执行过程，作为一个动态概念，是系统资源分配的单位。

• 一个进程可包含多个线程且最少有一个线程

• 真正的多线程是指有多个cpu即多核，如服务器，如果是模拟出来的多线程，本质上还是处于同一个cpu，同一时间单位只能执行一项代码任务，不能同时进行，只是切换的快产生的错觉。

• 线程是独立的执行路径。

• 在进程中开辟多线程，线程运行由调度器安排调度，不能人为干预。

• 资源抢夺问题，需加入并发控制。

继承Thread类

package Thread.lesson1;

//创建线程的方法一：继承Thread类，重写run方法，调用start开启线程

//注：线程开启不一定立即执行，由cpu调度
public class Dom1 extends Thread{
    @Override
    public void run(){
        //run 方法线程体
        for (int i = 0 ; i < 20 ; i ++) {
            System.out.println("Threadstudy"+i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //main 线程  主线程
        //创建一个线程对象
        Dom1 dom1 = new Dom1();
        //调用run方法只会按照顺序执行，而start方法可以由cpu调度多线程同时交互进行
        //dom1.run();
        //调用start 方法开启线程，
        dom1.start();
        //写个测试的看效果
        for (int i = 0 ; i < 1000 ; i ++){
            System.out.println("Thread------" + i);
        }
    }
}

网图下载

import java.net.URL;

public class dom1 extends Thread {
    private String url;
    private String name;

    //构造器
    public dom1(String url,String name){
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

    //下载图片线程的执行体
    @Override
    public void run() {
        webDown webdown = new webDown();
        try {
            webdown.down(url,name);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("下载了文件名为" + name);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //朕的头像
        dom1 t1 = new dom1("http://i2.hdslb.com/bfs/face/536ff5e823cb3c354a71880edb3a15c826d5634d.jpg",
                          "536ff5e823cb3c354a71880edb3a15c826d5634d.jpg");
        //狂神头像
        dom1 t2 = new dom1("http://i2.hdslb.com/bfs/face/83bb511365da513c55aa3d1958524f3b7db40684.jpg",
                "83bb511365da513c55aa3d1958524f3b7db40684.jpg");
        //der园长头像
        dom1 t3 = new dom1("http://i1.hdslb.com/bfs/face/f85fbedb0a6bfebedba167791a816e1b36f757d9.jpg",
                "f85fbedb0a6bfebedba167791a816e1b36f757d9.jpg");
        
        //执行线程
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }
}

//下载器
class webDown{
    public void down(String url,String name) throws IOException {
        //文件工具类：FileUtils
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("IO异常，down方法有毛病");
        }
    }
}

执行下载结果并不是按照从上到下的顺序执行，原因同上。

实现Runnable接口

• 相比Thread类，Runnable更 推荐使用，都避免了单继承局限性，但Runnable跟灵活，能够使一个对象被多个线程使用。

使用Runnable修改上面两个例子

//创建线程方法2：实现Runnable接口，重写run方法，执行线程需要丢入runnable接口实现类，调用start方法
public class dom2 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    //run方法线程体
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20 ; i++){
            System.out.println("看代码" +i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建Runnable接口的实现对象
        dom2 dom2 = new dom2();

        //创建线程对象，通过线程对象开始线程——代理
        //Thread thread = new Thread();
        //thread.start();
        // 等同于以上两句代码，简写为：
        new Thread(dom2).start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000 ; i++){
            System.out.println("学习" +i);
        }
    }
}

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

public class dom1 implements Runnable {
    private String url;
    private String name;

    //构造器
    public dom1(String url,String name){
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

    //下载图片线程的执行体
    @Override
    public void run() {
        webDown webdown = new webDown();
        try {
            webdown.down(url,name);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("下载了文件名为" + name);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //朕的头像
        dom1 t1 = new dom1("http://i2.hdslb.com/bfs/face/536ff5e823cb3c354a71880edb3a15c826d5634d.jpg",
                          "536ff5e823cb3c354a71880edb3a15c826d5634d.jpg");
        //狂神头像
        dom1 t2 = new dom1("http://i2.hdslb.com/bfs/face/83bb511365da513c55aa3d1958524f3b7db40684.jpg",
                "83bb511365da513c55aa3d1958524f3b7db40684.jpg");
        //der园长头像
        dom1 t3 = new dom1("http://i1.hdslb.com/bfs/face/f85fbedb0a6bfebedba167791a816e1b36f757d9.jpg",
                "f85fbedb0a6bfebedba167791a816e1b36f757d9.jpg");

        //执行线程
        new Thread(t1).start();
        new Thread(t2).start();
        new Thread(t3).start();
    }
}

//下载器
class webDown{
    public void down(String url,String name) throws IOException {
        //文件工具类：FileUtils
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("IO异常，down方法有毛病");
        }
    }
}

初识并发问题

//多个线程同时操作一个对象
//买火车票的例子

//执行完毕发现问题，多个线程执行同一个资源时，线程不安全，数据紊乱。即并发问题
public class dom3 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            if(Nums <= 0){
                break;
            }
            try {
                //模拟延时，延时0.2s
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            //Thread.currentThread().getName()  : 当前线程名
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了第" +Nums--+"票");
        }
    }

    //票数
    private int Nums = 10;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        dom3 dom3 = new dom3();

        //可以给每个线程起名
        new Thread(dom3,"二狗").start();
        new Thread(dom3,"老刘").start();
        new Thread(dom3,"黄牛").start();
    }
}

龟兔赛跑

//模拟龟兔赛跑(经典笔试题)
//定义一个赛道距离，离终点越来越近
//判断比赛是否结束
//打印出胜利者
//比赛开始
//兔子得睡会
//王八赢了
public class dom4 implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
            //让兔子睡个觉,每十步睡一会,睡0.01s就够，不能一开始就睡
            if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子")&& i%10==0 &&i!=0){
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(10);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            //判断比赛是否结束
            boolean flag = gameOver(i);
            //比赛结束
            if(flag){
                break;
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->跑了"+ i + "步");
        }
    }

    //胜利者-静态
    private static String Winner;

    //判断是否完成比赛
    private boolean gameOver(int stops) {
        if (Winner != null) {
            //已经存在Winner
            return true;
        }
        {
            if (stops >= 100) {
                Winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                System.out.println("winner is" + Winner);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        dom4 dom4 = new dom4();

        new Thread(dom4,"兔子").start();
        new Thread(dom4,"乌龟").start();
    }
}

实现Callable接口 *

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

//线程创建方式三：Callable接口
//可以定义返回值，抛出异常
public class dom5 implements Callable<Boolean> {
    private String url;
    private String name;

    //构造器
    public dom5(String url,String name){
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

    //下载图片线程的执行体
    @Override
    public Boolean call() {
        webDown webdown = new webDown();
        try {
            webdown.down(url,name);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println("下载了文件名为" + name);
        return true;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {

        //朕的头像
        dom5 t1 = new dom5("http://i2.hdslb.com/bfs/face/536ff5e823cb3c354a71880edb3a15c826d5634d.jpg",
                "536ff5e823cb3c354a71880edb3a15c826d5634d.jpg");
        //狂神头像
        dom5 t2 = new dom5("http://i2.hdslb.com/bfs/face/83bb511365da513c55aa3d1958524f3b7db40684.jpg",
                "83bb511365da513c55aa3d1958524f3b7db40684.jpg");
        //der园长头像
        dom5 t3 = new dom5("http://i1.hdslb.com/bfs/face/f85fbedb0a6bfebedba167791a816e1b36f757d9.jpg",
                "f85fbedb0a6bfebedba167791a816e1b36f757d9.jpg");

        //创建执行服务：
        ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
        //提交执行
        Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(t1);
        Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(t2);
        Future<Boolean> r3 = ser.submit(t3);

        //获取结果
        boolean rs1 = r1.get();
        boolean rs2 = r2.get();
        boolean rs3 = r3.get();
        //关闭服务
        ser.shutdown();
    }
}

//下载器
class webDown{
    public void down(String url,String name) throws IOException {
        //文件工具类：FileUtils
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("IO异常，down方法有毛病");
        }
    }
}

静态代理

//代理结婚
//代理模式：真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一个接口
//代理对象要代理真实角色，代理对象可以做代理对象做不了的事，真实对象专注做自己的事
//线程的底部实现思想
public class dom6 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        
        //WeddingCompany weddingCompany = new WeddingCompany(new You());
        //weddingCompany.HappyMarry();
        new WeddingCompany(new You()).HappyMarry();//精简版
    }
}

//interface : 接口
interface Marry{
    void HappyMarry();
}

//真实角色
class You implements Marry{
    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        System.out.println("俺结婚啦");
    }
}
//代理角色
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{

    //代理-》真实目标角色
    private Marry target;

    public WeddingCompany(Marry target){
        this.target = target;
    }
    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        after();
        this.target.HappyMarry();
        before();
    }
    private void after(){
        System.out.println("布置会场");
    }
    private void before(){
        System.out.println("收尾款");
    }
}

Lamda表达式

简写代码

/*
推导lamda表达式
*/

public class dom7 {

    //静态内部类
    static class lamda2 implements Lamda{
        @Override
        public void lamDa() {
            System.out.println("i like lamda2");
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Lamda la = new Lam();
        la.lamDa();

        la = new lamda2();
        la.lamDa();

        //局部内部类
        class lamda3 implements Lamda{
            @Override
            public void lamDa() {
                System.out.println("i like lamda3");
            }
        }
        la = new lamda3();
        la.lamDa();

        //匿名内部类，没有类的名称，必须借助接口或父类
        la = new Lamda() {
            @Override
            public void lamDa() {
                System.out.println("i like lamda4");
            }
        };
        la.lamDa();

        //用Lamda简化
        //lamda一步步简化，简化参数类型，括号，花括号
        //lamda表达式只能有一行时才能简化为一行，多行需要{}包裹
        //必须是函数式接口（接口只有一个方法）
        //多个参数也能去掉参数类型，要去都去掉；
        la = () ->{
            System.out.println("i like lamda5");
        };
        la.lamDa();

        la = () ->System.out.println("i like lamda6");
        la.lamDa();

    }
}

//定义一个函数式接口
interface Lamda{
    void lamDa();
}

//实现类
class Lam implements Lamda{

    @Override
    public void lamDa() {
        System.out.println("i like lamda");
    }
}

线程停止

• 线程五大状态：
• • 创建状态：new 即新生状态
  • 就绪状态：调用start（）方法后进入
  • • 阻塞状态：运行中调用睡眠或锁定状态，状态结束重新进入就绪状态
  • 运行状态：真正执行线程体代码块
  • 死亡状态：线程中断或结束

//建议线程自己停止
//不建议死循环或stop，destroy即jdk不建议的党费强制停止
public class dom8 implements Runnable{
    //设置一个标志位
    private boolean flag = true;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        int i = 0;
        while (flag){
            System.out.println("run---Thread"+i);
            i++;
        }
    }

    //设置一个公开的方法停止线程，换标志位
    public void stop(){
        this.flag= false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        dom8 dom8 = new dom8();

        new Thread(dom8).start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("main"+i);
            if(i == 900){
                //调用stop方法切换标致，停止线程
                dom8.stop();
                System.out.println("run线程该停止了");
            }
        }
    }
}

线程休眠-sleep

• sleep:单位-毫秒（1秒=1000毫秒）；
• 需要抛出异常
• 每个对象都有一把锁，sleep不会释放锁 *

//模拟网络延时,放大问题的发生性，回到上面买票问题
public class dom9 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            if(Nums <= 0){
                break;
            }
            try {
                //模拟延时，延时0.2s
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            //Thread.currentThread().getName()  : 当前线程名
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了第" +Nums--+"票");
        }
    }

    //票数
    private int Nums = 10;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        dom3 dom3 = new dom3();

        //可以给每个线程起名
        new Thread(dom3,"二狗").start();
        new Thread(dom3,"老刘").start();
        new Thread(dom3,"黄牛").start();
    }
}

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

//模拟倒计时
public class dom9{

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //倒计时
//        try {
//            TimeDown();
//        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
//            e.printStackTrace();
//        }

        //打印当前时间
        Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//获取系统当前时间
        while (true){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(date));
                date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//更新时间
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void TimeDown() throws InterruptedException {
        int time = 10;
        while (true) {
            Thread.sleep(100);
            System.out.println(time--);
            if (time<=0){
                break;
            }
        }
    }
}

线程礼让-yield

//将进程从运行状态转为就绪状态，但不阻塞
//礼让不一定成功，看cpu心情
public class dom10 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        myYield myYield = new myYield();

        new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
        new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
    }
}

class myYield implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始执行");
        Thread.yield();//礼让
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程停止执行");
    }
}

线程强制执行-join

//join方法，可理解为强行插队，阻塞其它进程，霸道！
public class dom11 implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("vip来了"+i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //启动线程
        dom11 dom11 = new dom11();
        Thread thread = new Thread(dom11);
        thread.start();

        //主线程
        for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
            if (i == 200){
                try {
                    thread.join();//插队，让当前线程先靠边等等，给其他线程先走
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("main"+i);
        }
    }
}

观测线程状态-state

//观察测试线程的状态
public class dom12 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
            //线程启动五秒
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            System.out.println("`````");
        });

        //观察状态
        Thread.State state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state); //NEW

        //观察启动后
        thread.start();
        state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state); //RUNNABLE

        while (state!=Thread.State.TERMINATED){//线程不终止，一直处于输出状态
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            state = thread.getState();//更新线程状态
            System.out.println(state);//输出状态
        }
    }
}

线程的优先级-Priority

//测试线程优先级
//优先级范围1-10；超出范围会报错。优先级越高，cpu给到资源越多，不是绝对的！
public class dom13 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //主线程默认优先级-5
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());

        MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t6 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t7 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t8 = new Thread(myPriority);

        //先设置优先级，再启动!
        t1.start();

        t2.setPriority(1);
        t2.start();

        t3.setPriority(6);
        t3.start();

        t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
        t4.start();

        t5.setPriority(Thread.NORM_PRIORITY);
        t5.start();

    }
}

class MyPriority implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"____"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
    }
}

守护线程-daemon

//测试：一生守护你
//人生不过36500天

//程序不会等待守护线程执行完毕，程序必须确保用户线程执行完毕，即用户线程执行完守护线程仍在持续保护到进程结束。
public class dom14 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        dom dom = new dom();
        You2 you2 = new You2();

        Thread thread = new Thread(dom);
        thread.setDaemon(true);//默认是flase，正常的都是用户线程

        thread.start();//守护线程启动

        new Thread(you2).start();
    }
}

class dom implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            System.out.println("守护着你");
        }
    }
}

class You2 implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
            System.out.println("你一生都要开开心心的生活");
        }
        System.out.println("---goodBye! word---");
    }
}

线程同步机制

• 队列和锁

• 安全==性能降低（鱼与熊掌不可兼得）

三大不安全案例

//不安全的买票

//线程不安全，有负数--每个线程都有自己的独立工作区，各自内存内互不影响。
public class dom15{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket buyTicket1 = new BuyTicket();
        
        new Thread(buyTicket1,"赵").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket1,"钱").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket1,"孙").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket1,"李").start();
    }
}

//买票方法
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{

    private int Nums = 10;
    private boolean flag = true;
    
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (flag){
           buy();
        }
    }

    private void buy(){
        if(Nums<=0){
            return;
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了"+Nums--);
    }
}

//不安全取钱
//两人共同取钱
public class dom16 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Account account = new Account(100,"基金");

        back you = new back(account,50,"你");
        back her = new back(account,100,"她");

        you.start();
        her.start();

    }
}

//账户
class Account{
    int money;
    String name;

    public Account(int money,String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

//银行：模拟取款
class back extends Thread{
    //账户
    Account account ;
    //现在有多少钱
    int nowMoney;
    //取多少钱
    int DrawingMoney;

    public back(Account account,int DrawingMoney,String name) {
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.DrawingMoney = DrawingMoney;
    }

    public void run(){
        //判断钱够不够
        if(account.money-DrawingMoney < 0){
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够");
            return;
        }

        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        account.money = account.money - DrawingMoney ;
        nowMoney = nowMoney + DrawingMoney;

        System.out.println(this.getName()+"--现在有--"+ nowMoney);
        System.out.println(account.name+"余额为"+account.money);


    }
}

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

//线程不安全的集合，难以达到1000条线程全部创建出来的目的
//注意系统能创建的线程数有限
public class dom17 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>() ;
        for(int i = 0;i< 1000;i++) {
            new Thread(()->list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName())).start();
        }

        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

同步方法及同步块-synchronized

对以上三个不安全案例进行优化修改-加锁

//不安全的买票

//线程不安全，有负数
public class dom15{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BuyTicket buyTicket1 = new BuyTicket();

        new Thread(buyTicket1,"赵").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket1,"钱").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket1,"孙").start();
        new Thread(buyTicket1,"李").start();
    }

}

//买票方法
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{

    private int Nums = 10;
    private boolean flag = true;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (flag){
           buy();
        }
    }

    //synchronized 同步方法，锁的是this，保证线程安全
    private synchronized void buy(){
        if(Nums<=0){
            return;
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到了"+Nums--);
    }

}

//不安全取钱
//两人共同取钱
public class dom16 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Account account = new Account(100,"基金");

        back you = new back(account,50,"你");
        back her = new back(account,100,"她");

        you.start();
        her.start();

    }
}

//账户
class Account{
    int money;
    String name;

    public Account(int money,String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

//银行：模拟取款
class back extends Thread{
    //账户
    Account account ;
    //现在有多少钱
    int nowMoney;
    //取多少钱
    int DrawingMoney;

    public back(Account account,int DrawingMoney,String name) {
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.DrawingMoney = DrawingMoney;
    }

    public void run(){
        //同步块
        //关键在于锁的对象，锁的对象一定是变化的量，如不能锁银行，要锁银行卡
        synchronized (account){
            //判断钱够不够
            if(account.money-DrawingMoney < 0){
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够");
                return;
            }

            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            account.money = account.money - DrawingMoney ;
            nowMoney = nowMoney + DrawingMoney;

            System.out.println(this.getName()+"--现在有--"+ nowMoney);
            System.out.println(account.name+"余额为"+account.money);
        }
    }
}

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

//线程不安全的集合，难以达到1000条线程全部创建出来的目的
//注意系统能创建的线程数有限
public class dom17 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>() ;
        for(int i = 0;i< 1000;i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                synchronized (list){
                    list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
                }
            }).start();
        }

        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

CopyOnWriteArrayList

• 安全类型的集合

import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

//测试juc安全类型的集合
public class dom18 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //并发包
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(list.size());
    }
}

死锁

• 对个线程都在等待对方释放资源，互相僵持
• 某个同步块有两个对象以上的锁时，易发生死锁问题

//死锁问题
public class dom19 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new MakeUp(1,"翠花")).start();
        new Thread(new MakeUp(0,"麻花")).start();
    }
}

//口红
class Lipstick{}

//镜子
class Mirror{}

class MakeUp extends Thread{

    //资源只有一份
    static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();

    //选择器
    int choise;
    //角色
    String name;

    MakeUp(int choise,String name){
        this.choise = choise;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        makeup();
    }

    //化妆，互相持有对方的锁
    private void makeup(){
        if(choise == 0){
            //锁住当前资源
            synchronized (lipstick){
                System.out.println(this.name + "拿到口红");
                try {
                    //一秒后拿另一个资源
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                synchronized (mirror){
                    System.out.println(this.name+"拿到镜子");
                }
            }
        }else {
            synchronized (mirror){
                System.out.println(this.name + "拿到镜子");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                synchronized (lipstick){
                    System.out.println(this.name+"拿到口红");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

• 上面例子两个对象互相占有对方所需资源且都在等待释放资源，出现死锁问题，将“锁中锁”拿出来即可解决问题。

    //化妆，互相持有对方的锁
    private void makeup(){
        if(choise == 0){
            //锁住当前资源
            synchronized (lipstick){
                System.out.println(this.name + "拿到口红");
                try {
                    //一秒后拿另一个资源
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            synchronized (mirror){
                System.out.println(this.name+"拿到镜子");
            }
        }else {
            synchronized (mirror){
                System.out.println(this.name + "拿到镜子");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            synchronized (lipstick){
                System.out.println(this.name+"拿到口红");
            }
        }
    }

Lock锁

• lock：显式锁，需要手动开关

  synchronized：隐式锁，出了作用域自动释放

• lock：只有代码块锁，没有方法锁

• lock锁性能更好，有更好的拓展性

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

//lock锁
public class dom20 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Ticket ticket = new Ticket();

        new Thread(ticket,"老张").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"二狗").start();
        new Thread(ticket,"三炮").start();
    }
}

class Ticket implements Runnable{

    int Num = 10;
    
    //定义lock锁
    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try {
                lock.lock();//加锁
                    if(Num>0){
                        try {
                            Thread.sleep(1000);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--拿到了第"+ Num-- +"张票");
                    }else {
                        break;
                    }
            }finally {
                lock.unlock();//释放锁
            }
        }
    }
}

生产者消费者问题 *

管程法

//生产者消费者模型-》利用缓冲区解决：管程法

//生产者，消费者，产品，缓冲区
public class dom21 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SyContainer syContainer = new SyContainer();

        new Productor(syContainer).start();
        new Consumer(syContainer).start();
    }
}

//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
    SyContainer container;

    public Productor(SyContainer container){
        this.container = container;
    }

    //生产
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            container.push(new Chicken(i));
            System.out.println("生产了" + i +"只鸡");
        }
    }
}

//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
    SyContainer container;

    public Consumer(SyContainer container){
        this.container = container;
    }

    //消费
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("消费了" + container.pop().id + "只鸡");
        }
    }
}

//产品
class Chicken {
    //产品编号
    int id;
    public Chicken(int id){
        this.id = id;
    }
}

//缓冲区
class SyContainer{

    //容器大小
    Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];

    //容量计数器
    int str = 0;

    //生产者丢入产品
    public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
        //满了,生产stop
        if(str == chickens.length){
        //通知消费者消费，生产者等待
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //没满,生产ing
        chickens[str] = chicken;
        str++;
        //通知消费者消费
        this.notifyAll();
    }

    //消费者消费产品
    public synchronized Chicken pop(){
        //判断是否可以消费
        if(str==0){
            //wait
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        //可以消费
        str--;
        Chicken chicken = chickens[str];

        //消费后通知生产者生产
        this.notifyAll();
        return chicken;
    }
}

信号灯法

//信号灯法-》通过标志位解决-flag
public class dom22 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Tv tv = new Tv();
        new player(tv).start();
        new watcher(tv).start();
    }
}

//生产者
class player extends Thread{
    Tv tv;
    public player(Tv tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            if(i%2==0){
                this.tv.play("猫和老鼠");
            }else {
                this.tv.play("抖音记录美好生活");
            }
        }
    }
}

//消费者
class watcher extends Thread{
    Tv tv;
    public watcher(Tv tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            tv.watch();
        }
    }
}

//产品-节目
class Tv{
    //演员表演，观众等待；观众观看，演员等待
    String voice;
    boolean flag = true;

    //表演
    public  synchronized void play(String voice){
        if(!flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        System.out.println("表演了：" +voice);
        this.notifyAll();//通知，唤醒
        this.voice = voice;
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }
    //观看
    public synchronized void watch(){
        if(flag){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("观看了"+ voice);
        //通知演员表演
        this.notifyAll();
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }
}

线程池

• 参考callable接口

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

//侧式线程池
public class dom23 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建线程池
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);//线程池大小

        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());
        service.execute(new MyThread());

        //关闭连接
        service.shutdown();
    }
}

class MyThread implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}