java 以http请求的方式对接外部系统

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前言

日常开发中,我们经常需要对接其他方的系统,一般有两种请求方式,TCP和HTTP,本次介绍的是用http工具类的方式发送get和post请求

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HttpUtils工具类代码如下：

package common.utils;

import com.csii.pe.common.util.BeanMapUtils;
import com.csii.spc.common.dict.Dict;
import com.csii.spc.common.tencent.util.JsonUtil;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;


/**
 * http请求工具类
 * 
 */
public class HttpUtils {

    // 日志类
    private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(HttpUtils.class);

    /**
     * 发送GET请求
     *
     * @param url        目的地址
     * @param parameters 请求参数，Map类型。
     * @return 远程响应结果
     */
    public static Map sendGet(String url, Map<String, String> parameters) throws IOException {
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String result = "";
        BufferedReader in = null;// 读取响应输入流
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();// 存储参数
        String params = "";// 编码之后的参数
        try {
            if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(parameters)) {
                // 编码请求参数
                if (parameters.size() == 1) {
                    for (String name : parameters.keySet()) {
                        sb.append(name).append("=").append(
                                java.net.URLEncoder.encode(parameter.toString(),
                                        "UTF-8"));
                    }
                    params = sb.toString();
                } else {
                    for (String name : parameters.keySet()) {
                        Object parameter = parameters.get(name);
                        sb.append(name).append("=").append(
                                java.net.URLEncoder.encode(parameter.toString(),
                                        "UTF-8")).append("&");
                    }
                    String temp_params = sb.toString();
                    params = temp_params.substring(0, temp_params.length() - 1);
                }
            }
            String full_url = url + "?" + params;
            // 创建URL对象
            java.net.URL connURL = new java.net.URL(full_url);
            // 打开URL连接
            java.net.HttpURLConnection httpConn = (java.net.HttpURLConnection) connURL
                    .openConnection();
            // 设置通用属性
            httpConn.setRequestProperty("Accept", "*/*");
            httpConn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
            httpConn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent",
                    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1)");
            // 建立实际的连接
            httpConn.connect();
            // 响应头部获取
            Map<String, List<String>> headers = httpConn.getHeaderFields();
            // 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应,并设置编码方式
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(httpConn
                    .getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
            String line;
            // 读取返回的内容
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("\n发送请求失败 地址:" + url + ",失败原因:" + e);
        } finally {
            try {
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        // 将返回内容 解析为Map返回
        return objectMapper.readValue(result, Map.class);
    }

    /**
     * 发送POST请求 以Json字符串方式发送
     *
     * @param url        目的地址
     * @param parameters 请求参数，Map类型。
     * @return 远程响应结果
     */
    public static Map sendPost(String url, Map<String, String> parameters) throws IOException {
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String result = "";// 返回的结果
        BufferedReader in = null;// 读取响应输入流
        PrintWriter out = null;
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();// 处理请求参数
        String params = "{}";// 编码之后的参数
        try {
            // 请求参数Json化
            if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(parameters)) {
                params = JsonUtil.getJsonStringFromMap(parameters);
            }
            // 创建URL对象
            java.net.URL connURL = new java.net.URL(url);
            // 打开URL连接
            java.net.HttpURLConnection httpConn = (java.net.HttpURLConnection) connURL
                    .openConnection();
            // 设置通用属性
            httpConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
            httpConn.setRequestProperty("Accept", "*/*");
            httpConn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
            httpConn.setRequestProperty("User-Agent",
                    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.1)");
            // 设置POST方式
            httpConn.setDoInput(true);
            httpConn.setDoOutput(true);
            // 如果要以其他请求方式请求 可以设置 RequestMethod 
            // 例如DELETE请求:
            // httpConn.setRequestMethod("DELETE");
            
            // 获取HttpURLConnection对象对应的输出流
            out = new PrintWriter(httpConn.getOutputStream());
            // 发送请求参数
            out.write(params);
            // flush输出流的缓冲
            out.flush();
            // 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应，设置编码方式
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(httpConn
                    .getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
            String line;
            // 读取返回的内容
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("\n发送请求失败 地址:" + url + ",失败原因:" + e);
        } finally {
            try {
                if (out != null) {
                    out.close();
                }
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        // 将返回内容 解析为Map返回
        return objectMapper.readValue(result, Map.class);
    }