Centos 7安装、配置SVN

本文介绍Centos 7如何安装、配置SVN

一、安装SVN

以管理员身份运行以下命令:

[root@localhost user]# yum -y install subversion

输出:

已加载插件:fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 subversion.x86_64.0.1.7.14-16.el7 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 subversion-libs(x86-64) = 1.7.14-16.el7,它被软件包 subversion-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libsvn_wc-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 subversion-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libsvn_subr-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 subversion-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libsvn_repos-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 subversion-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libsvn_ra_svn-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 subversion-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libsvn_ra_neon-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 subversion-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libsvn_ra_local-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 subversion-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libsvn_ra-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 subversion-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libsvn_fs_util-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 subversion-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libsvn_fs_fs-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 subversion-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libsvn_fs_base-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 subversion-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libsvn_fs-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 subversion-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libsvn_diff-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 subversion-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libsvn_delta-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 subversion-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libsvn_client-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 subversion-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 subversion-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libapr-1.so.0()(64bit),它被软件包 subversion-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 apr.x86_64.0.1.4.8-7.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 apr-util.x86_64.0.1.5.2-6.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 subversion-libs.x86_64.0.1.7.14-16.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成

依赖关系解决

================================================================================
 Package                架构          版本                    源           大小
================================================================================
正在安装:
 subversion             x86_64        1.7.14-16.el7           base        1.0 M
为依赖而安装:
 apr                    x86_64        1.4.8-7.el7             base        104 k
 apr-util               x86_64        1.5.2-6.el7             base         92 k
 subversion-libs        x86_64        1.7.14-16.el7           base        922 k

事务概要
================================================================================
安装  1 软件包 (+3 依赖软件包)

总下载量:2.1 M
安装大小:7.5 M
Downloading packages:
(1/4): apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64.rpm                          | 104 kB   00:00     
(2/4): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm                     |  92 kB   00:00     
(3/4): subversion-libs-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64.rpm            | 922 kB   00:00     
(4/4): subversion-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64.rpm                 | 1.0 MB   00:00     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计                                               9.9 MB/s | 2.1 MB  00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
警告:RPM 数据库已被非 yum 程序修改。
  正在安装    : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64                                      1/4 
  正在安装    : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64                                 2/4 
  正在安装    : subversion-libs-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64                        3/4 
  正在安装    : subversion-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64                             4/4 
  验证中      : subversion-libs-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64                        1/4 
  验证中      : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64                                      2/4 
  验证中      : subversion-1.7.14-16.el7.x86_64                             3/4 
  验证中      : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64                                 4/4 

已安装:
  subversion.x86_64 0:1.7.14-16.el7                                             

作为依赖被安装:
  apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7                    apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7     
  subversion-libs.x86_64 0:1.7.14-16.el7     

完毕!

二、创建仓库

SVN创建仓库语法: svnadmin create 路径
例:在/home/user/svn下创建SVN仓库
切换到普通用户(自己使用的用户即可),运行以下命令:

[user@localhost ~]$ svnadmin create /home/user/svn

SVN会自动在相应路径下创建文件夹,文件夹内会有以下几个目录和文件:

svn
|-conf
|-db
|-format
|-hooks
|-locks
|-README.txt

其中,conf文件夹下有3个文件:

conf
|-authz
|-passwd
|-svnserve.conf

其中,svnserve.conf为svn服务配置文件,passwd为用户名口令文件,authz为权限配置文件。

三、配置SVN

1、SVN配置项

svn配置项文件为conf文件夹中的svnserve.conf文件,该文件仅由一个[general]配置段组成,格式:<配置项>=<值>。
svnserve.conf默认内容如下:

### This file controls the configuration of the svnserve daemon, if you
### use it to allow access to this repository.  (If you only allow
### access through http: and/or file: URLs, then this file is
### irrelevant.)

### Visit http://subversion.apache.org/ for more information.

[general]
### The anon-access and auth-access options control access to the
### repository for unauthenticated (a.k.a. anonymous) users and
### authenticated users, respectively.
### Valid values are "write", "read", and "none".
### Setting the value to "none" prohibits both reading and writing;
### "read" allows read-only access, and "write" allows complete 
### read/write access to the repository.
### The sample settings below are the defaults and specify that anonymous
### users have read-only access to the repository, while authenticated
### users have read and write access to the repository.
# anon-access = read
# auth-access = write
### The password-db option controls the location of the password
### database file.  Unless you specify a path starting with a /,
### the file's location is relative to the directory containing
### this configuration file.
### If SASL is enabled (see below), this file will NOT be used.
### Uncomment the line below to use the default password file.
# password-db = passwd
### The authz-db option controls the location of the authorization
### rules for path-based access control.  Unless you specify a path
### starting with a /, the file's location is relative to the the
### directory containing this file.  If you don't specify an
### authz-db, no path-based access control is done.
### Uncomment the line below to use the default authorization file.
# authz-db = authz
### This option specifies the authentication realm of the repository.
### If two repositories have the same authentication realm, they should
### have the same password database, and vice versa.  The default realm
### is repository's uuid.
# realm = My First Repository
### The force-username-case option causes svnserve to case-normalize
### usernames before comparing them against the authorization rules in the
### authz-db file configured above.  Valid values are "upper" (to upper-
### case the usernames), "lower" (to lowercase the usernames), and
### "none" (to compare usernames as-is without case conversion, which
### is the default behavior).
# force-username-case = none

[sasl]
### This option specifies whether you want to use the Cyrus SASL
### library for authentication. Default is false.
### This section will be ignored if svnserve is not built with Cyrus
### SASL support; to check, run 'svnserve --version' and look for a line
### reading 'Cyrus SASL authentication is available.'
# use-sasl = true
### These options specify the desired strength of the security layer
### that you want SASL to provide. 0 means no encryption, 1 means
### integrity-checking only, values larger than 1 are correlated
### to the effective key length for encryption (e.g. 128 means 128-bit
### encryption). The values below are the defaults.
# min-encryption = 0
# max-encryption = 256

配置项分为以下5项:
1.anon-access
作用:控制非鉴权用户访问版本库的权限
取值范围:“write”、“read"和"none”。"write"为可读可写,"read"为只读,"none"表示无访问权限。
缺省值:read

2.auth-access
作用:控制鉴权用户访问版本库的权限
取值范围:“write”、“read"和"none”。"write"为可读可写,"read"为只读,"none"表示无访问权限。
缺省值:write

3.password-db
作用:指定用户配置文件名。除非指定绝对路径,否则为相对于conf文件的相对路径。
缺省值:passwd

4.authz-db
作用:指定权限配置文件名,通过该文件可以实现以路径为基础的访问控制。除非指定绝对路径,否则为相对于conf文件的相对路径。
缺省值:authz

5.realm
作用:指定版本库的认证域,即在登录时提示的认证域名称。若两个版本库的认证域相同,建议使用相同的用户名口令数据文件。
缺省值:一个UUID(Universal Unique IDentifier,全局唯一标示)

修改SVN配置项文件:

[user@localhost conf]$ vim svnserve.conf 

svnserve.conf推荐配置如下:

### This file controls the configuration of the svnserve daemon, if you
### use it to allow access to this repository.  (If you only allow
### access through http: and/or file: URLs, then this file is
### irrelevant.)

### Visit http://subversion.apache.org/ for more information.

[general]
### The anon-access and auth-access options control access to the
### repository for unauthenticated (a.k.a. anonymous) users and
### authenticated users, respectively.
### Valid values are "write", "read", and "none".
### Setting the value to "none" prohibits both reading and writing;
### "read" allows read-only access, and "write" allows complete 
### read/write access to the repository.
### The sample settings below are the defaults and specify that anonymous
### users have read-only access to the repository, while authenticated
### users have read and write access to the repository.
anon-access = read #修改处
auth-access = write #修改处
### The password-db option controls the location of the password
### database file.  Unless you specify a path starting with a /,
### the file's location is relative to the directory containing
### this configuration file.
### If SASL is enabled (see below), this file will NOT be used.
### Uncomment the line below to use the default password file.
password-db = passwd #修改处
### The authz-db option controls the location of the authorization
### rules for path-based access control.  Unless you specify a path
### starting with a /, the file's location is relative to the the
### directory containing this file.  If you don't specify an
### authz-db, no path-based access control is done.
### Uncomment the line below to use the default authorization file.
authz-db = authz #修改处
### This option specifies the authentication realm of the repository.
### If two repositories have the same authentication realm, they should
### have the same password database, and vice versa.  The default realm
### is repository's uuid.
# realm = My First Repository
### The force-username-case option causes svnserve to case-normalize
### usernames before comparing them against the authorization rules in the
### authz-db file configured above.  Valid values are "upper" (to upper-
### case the usernames), "lower" (to lowercase the usernames), and
### "none" (to compare usernames as-is without case conversion, which
### is the default behavior).
# force-username-case = none

[sasl]
### This option specifies whether you want to use the Cyrus SASL
### library for authentication. Default is false.
### This section will be ignored if svnserve is not built with Cyrus
### SASL support; to check, run 'svnserve --version' and look for a line
### reading 'Cyrus SASL authentication is available.'
# use-sasl = true
### These options specify the desired strength of the security layer
### that you want SASL to provide. 0 means no encryption, 1 means
### integrity-checking only, values larger than 1 are correlated
### to the effective key length for encryption (e.g. 128 means 128-bit
### encryption). The values below are the defaults.
# min-encryption = 0
# max-encryption = 256

2、用户管理

SVN用户配置文件以明文存放在passwd文件中,passwd默认内容如下:

### This file is an example password file for svnserve.
### Its format is similar to that of svnserve.conf. As shown in the
### example below it contains one section labelled [users].
### The name and password for each user follow, one account per line.

[users]
# harry = harryssecret
# sally = sallyssecret

其中,[users]下面为用户名和口令,用户格式为:

用户名 = 口令

例:添加两个用户,用户1:user1,密码:123;用户2:user2,密码:abc。
首先打开passwd:

[user@localhost conf]$ vim /home/user/svn/conf/passwd 

修改passwd,添加用户,修改之后的文件如下:

### This file is an example password file for svnserve.
### Its format is similar to that of svnserve.conf. As shown in the
### example below it contains one section labelled [users].
### The name and password for each user follow, one account per line.

[users]
user1 = 123
user2 = abc

3、用户组和权限配置

SVN用户组和权限配置文件以明文存放在authz文件中,authz默认内容如下:

### This file is an example authorization file for svnserve.
### Its format is identical to that of mod_authz_svn authorization
### files.
### As shown below each section defines authorizations for the path and
### (optional) repository specified by the section name.
### The authorizations follow. An authorization line can refer to:
###  - a single user,
###  - a group of users defined in a special [groups] section,
###  - an alias defined in a special [aliases] section,
###  - all authenticated users, using the '$authenticated' token,
###  - only anonymous users, using the '$anonymous' token,
###  - anyone, using the '*' wildcard.
###
### A match can be inverted by prefixing the rule with '~'. Rules can
### grant read ('r') access, read-write ('rw') access, or no access
### ('').

[aliases]
# joe = /C=XZ/ST=Dessert/L=Snake City/O=Snake Oil, Ltd./OU=Research Institute/CN=Joe Average

[groups]
# harry_and_sally = harry,sally
# harry_sally_and_joe = harry,sally,&joe

# [/foo/bar]
# harry = rw
# &joe = r
# * =

# [repository:/baz/fuz]
# @harry_and_sally = rw
# * = r

修改authz文件,改变用户组和权限配置。
注意:

  • 权限配置文件中出现的用户名必须已在用户配置文件中定义
  • 对权限配置文件的修改立即生效,不必重启svn

用户组格式:

用户组 = 用户1,用户2

其中,一个用户组可以包含一个或多个用户,每个用户之间用逗号隔开。
版本库目录格式:

[版本库:/项目/目录]
@用户组名 = 权限
用户名 = 权限

其中[版本库:/项目/目录]一项,/表示根目录及以下,根目录在svnserve启动时指定。
例:将user1添加到root用户组,并设置root用户组和user用户的权限。
首先打开authz:

[user@localhost conf]$ vim /home/user/svn/conf/authz

修改authz,设置用户组并更改权限:

### This file is an example authorization file for svnserve.
### Its format is identical to that of mod_authz_svn authorization
### files.
### As shown below each section defines authorizations for the path and
### (optional) repository specified by the section name.
### The authorizations follow. An authorization line can refer to:
###  - a single user,
###  - a group of users defined in a special [groups] section,
###  - an alias defined in a special [aliases] section,
###  - all authenticated users, using the '$authenticated' token,
###  - only anonymous users, using the '$anonymous' token,
###  - anyone, using the '*' wildcard.
###
### A match can be inverted by prefixing the rule with '~'. Rules can
### grant read ('r') access, read-write ('rw') access, or no access
### ('').

[aliases]
# joe = /C=XZ/ST=Dessert/L=Snake City/O=Snake Oil, Ltd./OU=Research Institute/CN=Joe Average

[groups]
root = user1

# [/foo/bar]
# harry = rw
# &joe = r
# * =

[/]
@root = rw
user2 = r

权限参数的取值范围:“rw”、“r"和" ”。"rw"为可读可写,“r"为只读,” "表示无访问权限。

4、关闭防火墙

开启SVN服务之前,要确保打开相应的端口,否则客户端不能访问主机,造成连接失败,可以按照下面的步骤进行操作,打开SVN服务所需端口。
1、打开“防火墙”。
打开“防火墙”
2、在“配置”处选择“永久”。
修改配置
3勾选"svn",重启系统。
请添加图片描述

5、启动服务

SVN启动服务语法: svnserve -d -r 仓库目录
例:启动路径为/home/user/svn的SVN仓库:

[user@localhost ~]$ svnserve -d -r /home/user/svn/

查看SVN进程:

[user@localhost ~]$ ps -ef|grep svn

出现如下输出,即证明SVN服务已启动:
SVN服务已启动

6、访问SVN仓库

使用svn客户端 输入地址svn://ip就可以访问到SVN仓库。

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