小甲鱼python学习总结——字典及其操作

一，常用的创建字典方法。

1.   dict1 = {'f':70,'c':67,'h':104,'i':105,'s':115}
      dict1['c']
      67
   

注意：1，dict1[],里面元素只能用索引。 2.dict1[70]错误，顺序不能反过来。

2.dict关键字
方法一：

 a = dict(one=1, two=2, three=3)
 a['one']
1

方法二：

c = dict(zip(['one', 'two', 'three'], [1, 2, 3]))
c['one']
1

方法三：

d = dict([('two', 2), ('one', 1), ('three', 3)])
r = dict((('two', 2), ('one', 1), ('three', 3)))
d['one']
1
r['one']
1

方法四：

e = dict({'three': 3, 'one': 1, 'two': 2})
e['three']
3

方法五：

dict1 = {'f':70,'c':67,'h':104,'i':105,'s':115}
dict1
{'f': 70, 'c': 67, 'h': 104, 'i': 105, 's': 115}
dict1[1] = 'one'
>>> dict1
{'f': 70, 'c': 67, 'h': 104, 'i': 105, 's': 115, 1: 'one'}

二，字典及其操作。

1. fromkeys
   创建字典。前面是关键词，后面是内容。

>>> dict2.fromkeys((1,2,3),('one','two'))
{1: ('one', 'two'), 2: ('one', 'two'), 3: ('one', 'two')}

>>> dict3 =dict.fromkeys(range(32),'zan')
>>> dict3
{0: 'zan', 1: 'zan', 2: 'zan', 3: 'zan', 4: 'zan', 5: 'zan', 6: 'zan', 7: 'zan', 8: 'zan', 9: 'zan', 10: 'zan', 11: 'zan', 12: 'zan', 13: 'zan', 14: 'zan', 15: 'zan', 16: 'zan', 17: 'zan', 18: 'zan', 19: 'zan', 20: 'zan', 21: 'zan', 22: 'zan', 23: 'zan', 24: 'zan', 25: 'zan', 26: 'zan', 27: 'zan', 28: 'zan', 29: 'zan', 30: 'zan', 31: 'zan'}

2. keys 关键词。找出字典中关键词。

>>> for eachkey in dict3.keys():
>>>	print(eachkey)
	
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

3. values 操作。 找出字典中的内容。

>>>for eachvaule in dict3.values():
>>>	print(eachvaule)
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan
zan

4. items操作。找出字典中的每一项。

>>>for eachitem in dict3.items():
>>>	print(eachitem)	
(0, 'zan')
(1, 'zan')
(2, 'zan')
(3, 'zan')
(4, 'zan')
(5, 'zan')
(6, 'zan')
(7, 'zan')
(8, 'zan')
(9, 'zan')
(10, 'zan')
(11, 'zan')
(12, 'zan')
(13, 'zan')
(14, 'zan')
(15, 'zan')
(16, 'zan')
(17, 'zan')
(18, 'zan')
(19, 'zan')
(20, 'zan')
(21, 'zan')
(22, 'zan')
(23, 'zan')
(24, 'zan')
(25, 'zan')
(26, 'zan')
(27, 'zan')
(28, 'zan')
(29, 'zan')
(30, 'zan')
(31, 'zan')

5. get()操作。 获取字典中指定关键词的内容。

>>> a
{1: 'one', 5: 'five', '小白': '狗'}
>>> print(a.get(1))
one
>>> print(a.get(5))
five
>>> print(a.get(2))
None
>>> 

6. in.。关键词在字典里判断。

>>> 31 in dict3
True
>>> 32 in dict3
False
>>> 'zan' in dict3   # 只对关键词有效
False

7. clear(),copy()。 字典删除与复制。

>>> dict3.clear()
>>> dict3
{}
>>> a
{1: 'one', 5: 'five', '小白': '狗'}
>>> d = a.copy()    # 与直接赋值相比，这里的复制是在存储器中又复制了一份数据，而赋值并没有复制数据。
>>> d
{1: 'one', 5: 'five', '小白': '狗'}

8. update(). 更新数据。

>>> a
{1: 'one', 5: 'five'}
>>> b = {'小白':'狗'}
>>> a.update(a)
>>> a
{1: 'one', 5: 'five'}
>>> a.update(b)
>>> a
{1: 'one', 5: 'five', '小白': '狗'}
>>> a.update({1:'two'})
>>> a
{1: 'two', 5: 'five', '小白': '狗'}

9. pop() ,setdefault()。

>>> a
{1: 'two', 5: 'five', '小白': '狗'}
>>> c = a.pop (1)
>>> c
'two'
>>> a
{5: 'five', '小白': '狗'}
###############################
>>> a
{1: 'one'}
>>> a.setdefault(5,'five')
'five'
>>> a
{1: 'one', 5: 'five'}