操作系统--Java实现哲学家进餐问题

哲学家每天除了思考就是吃饭，假设一张桌子上坐了5名哲学家，他们吃饭时都必须获取两根筷子，并且他们都有着相同的习惯，先拿起左边的筷子再拿起有右边的筷子，如果获取不到两根筷子就等待。

package zhexuejia;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.extern.log4j.Log4j;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Log4j
public class Philosopher  implements Runnable  {
    static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Philosopher.class);
    private static int[] kuaizi = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1};
    private int i=0;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        synchronized (kuaizi) {
            try {
                eat(String.valueOf(Thread.currentThread().getName()));
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            think(String.valueOf(Thread.currentThread().getName()));
        }
    }
    private void eat (String string) throws Exception {
        while (true) {
            if (kuaizi[i]==1) {
                kuaizi[i]--;
                logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ "拿起左筷子");
                break;
            }
        }
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        while (true) {
            if (kuaizi[(i+1)%5]==1) {
                kuaizi[(i+1)%5]--;
                logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ "拿起右筷子");
                break;
            }
        }
        logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ "开始吃东西");
    }
    private void think(String name) {
        //放下筷子
        kuaizi[i] = 1;
        kuaizi[(i+1)%5] = 1;
        logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"放下了左右筷子");
        logger.info(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ "开始思考");
        logger.info("=====================================");
    }
}

在测试方法中，按照筷子的位置（0-4）循环创建线程并执行eat和think方法，即可实现让哲学家（0-n）轮流进餐。

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import zhexuejia.Philosopher;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

public class PhilosopherTest {
    static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(PhilosopherTest.class);
    @Test
    public void test() {
        while (true) {
            for (int i = 4; i >= 0; i--) {
                ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
                Philosopher philosopher = ctx.getBean("philosopher" + i, Philosopher.class);
                Thread thread = new Thread(philosopher);
                thread.setName("哲学家-" +i);
                thread.start();
            }
        }
    }
}

此方法直接锁定筷子（资源），不解放其他人就无法吃饭。

[2021-01-13 17:33:51:354] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.eat(Philosopher.java:32)]
哲学家-4拿起左筷子

[2021-01-13 17:33:52:356] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.eat(Philosopher.java:40)]
哲学家-4拿起右筷子

[2021-01-13 17:33:52:356] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.eat(Philosopher.java:44)]
哲学家-4开始吃东西

[2021-01-13 17:33:52:356] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.think(Philosopher.java:50)]
哲学家-4放下了左右筷子

[2021-01-13 17:33:52:357] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.think(Philosopher.java:51)]
哲学家-4开始思考

[2021-01-13 17:33:52:357] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.think(Philosopher.java:52)]
=====================================

[2021-01-13 17:33:52:357] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.eat(Philosopher.java:32)]
哲学家-1拿起左筷子

[2021-01-13 17:33:53:358] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.eat(Philosopher.java:40)]
哲学家-1拿起右筷子

[2021-01-13 17:33:53:358] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.eat(Philosopher.java:44)]
哲学家-1开始吃东西

[2021-01-13 17:33:53:358] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.think(Philosopher.java:50)]
哲学家-1放下了左右筷子

[2021-01-13 17:33:53:358] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.think(Philosopher.java:51)]
哲学家-1开始思考

[2021-01-13 17:33:53:358] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.think(Philosopher.java:52)]
=====================================

[2021-01-13 17:33:53:358] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.eat(Philosopher.java:32)]
哲学家-2拿起左筷子

[2021-01-13 17:33:54:359] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.eat(Philosopher.java:40)]
哲学家-2拿起右筷子

[2021-01-13 17:33:54:359] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.eat(Philosopher.java:44)]
哲学家-2开始吃东西

[2021-01-13 17:33:54:359] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.think(Philosopher.java:50)]
哲学家-2放下了左右筷子

[2021-01-13 17:33:54:360] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.think(Philosopher.java:51)]
哲学家-2开始思考

[2021-01-13 17:33:54:360] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.think(Philosopher.java:52)]
=====================================

[2021-01-13 17:33:54:360] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.eat(Philosopher.java:32)]
哲学家-3拿起左筷子

[2021-01-13 17:33:55:362] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.eat(Philosopher.java:40)]
哲学家-3拿起右筷子

[2021-01-13 17:33:55:362] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.eat(Philosopher.java:44)]
哲学家-3开始吃东西

[2021-01-13 17:33:55:362] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.think(Philosopher.java:50)]
哲学家-3放下了左右筷子

[2021-01-13 17:33:55:362] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.think(Philosopher.java:51)]
哲学家-3开始思考

[2021-01-13 17:33:55:362] [INFO ] [method:zhexuejia.Philosopher.think(Philosopher.java:52)]
=====================================

可以看到哲学家拿起左右筷子隔了1s。